Shoulder Presentation

Question 1

What is a shoulder presentation?

Answer 1

A malpresentation when there is a transverse lie student. This causes an arm should or trunk

Question 2

How common is a shoulder presentation?

Answer 2

0.5% of births

Question 3

What are the potential causes?

Answer 3

• Fibroids
• (over distension)
• polyhydramnious
• multiple gestations
• placenta previa
• IUGR

Question 4

What is used for diagnosis of shoulder presentations?

Answer 4

• Leopold’s Maneuver’s (examinations)
• USS
• Vaginal examination

Question 5

What are the 4 subtypes of shoulder presentations?

Answer 5

• Left scapula anterior
• Right scapula anterior
• Left scapula posterior
• Right scapula posterior

Question 6

What is the management of shoulder presentations?

Answer 6

C-section

Question 7

What if there is are twins?

Answer 7

. As the first twin has just been delivered and the cervix is fully dilated the obstetrician may perform an internal version, that is inserting one hand into the uterus, find the baby’s feet, and then bring the baby into a breech position and deliver the baby as such