Shoulder pathologies Flashcards
Anterior dislocation incidence
97% of dislocations
Anterior dislocation MOI
Violent external rotation and abduction
Anterior dislocation associated injuries
Nerve damage
Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions
Posterior dislocation incidence
2-4%
Posterior dislocation MOI
Humeral head forced posteriorly in internal rotation while arm abducted
May be caused by violent muscle contractions
Posterior dislocation associated injuries
Surgical neck fracture
Greater tuberosity fracture
Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion
Posterior dislocation presentation
Arm held in internal rotation
Unable to externally rotate
Inferior dislocation incidence
1%
Inferior dislocation MOI
Forceful hyperabduction
Or direct axial loading on fully abducted arm with elbow extended and pronated
Inferior dislocation associated injuries
Axillary and arterial nerve damage
Rotator cuff and internal capsule tears
Inferior dislocation presentation
Unable to adduct arm
What is a Hill-Sachs lesion
Compression fracture of posterolateral humeral head due to compression of the anteroinferior part of the glenoid when the humerus is anteriorly dislocated
Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion
Compression of anterior superior aspect of humeral head when humerus is posteriorly dislocated.
What is a bankart lesion
Detachment of anterior inferior labrum from underlying glenoid following dislocation
Usually consequence of repeated anterior dislocations
What is TUBS
Traumatic unilateral lesion , With bankart lesion,
Usually requires surgery
AMBRI
Atraumatic multidirectional frequently bilateral, responds to rehab
Superior labral anterior posterior lesions
Damage to superior aspect of glenoid labrum
Can extend to long head of biceps and glenohumeral ligaments
SLAP MOI
Falls
Repetitive overhead motions
SLAP- which type of lesion is most common?
Type 2
SLAP- types
I- fraying, intact biceps tendon
II- Superior labrum torn off the glenoid, stripping of biceps tendon
III- Bucket handle tear of superior labrum
IV- Buclet handle tear of superior labrum, extends to biceps tendon
What is sub acromial pain syndrome (SAPS)
Non traumatic
Usually unilateral
Pain localised to acromion
Rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus most common
Rotator cuff tear MOI
Can be acute or chronic
FOOSH, dislocation
Adhesive capsulitis presentation
Global restriction of movements
3 stages:
Freezing- increased pain with movement, at night, progressive loss of motion. Lasts 2-9 months
Frozen- pain starts to diminish, ROM more limited. Lasts 4-12 months
Thawing- Gradual restoration of motion. Lasts 12-42 months
What is OA
Gradual breakdown of articular cartilage and other joint tissues
AC joint injuries
FOOSH
Blunt trauma to abducted shoulder
Age and gender adhesive capsulitis
Higher prevalence in women
Usually 40-59
Adhesive capsulitis MOI
Primary- idiopathic
Secondary- following trauma or surgery
