Shoulder muscles Flashcards by Asami Yumibe

Name the muscles on the anterior axio-appendicular compartment

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subsclavius, and serratus anterior

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What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, and aponeuroses of the external oblique

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What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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What are the main actions of the pectoralis major?

Synergestically
- Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint
- Draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly
Acting alone
- Clavicular head flexes the shoulder joint and sternocostal head
- Extends shoulder joint from flexed position

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What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

3rd - 5th rib near their costal cartilages

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What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

Medial border and anterior surface of the coracoid process of scapula

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What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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What is the main action of the pectoralis minor?

Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly against the thoracic wall

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What is the proximal attachment of the subclavius?

At the junction of the 1st rib with its costal cartilage

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What is the distal attachment of the subclavius?

Inferior surface at the middle third of the clavicle

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What is the innervation of the subclavius?

Subclavian nerve

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What are the main actions of the subclavius?

Anchors and depresses the clavicle

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What is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?

External surface at the lateral part of 1st - 8th rib

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What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?

Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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What is the innervation of the serratus anterior

Thoracolumbar nerve

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What are the main actions of the serratus anterior?

Protract and rotate the scapula; as well as holding this against the thoracic wall

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What are the main actions of the serratus anterior?

Protract and rotate the scapula; as well as holding this against the thoracic wall

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Name the muscles on the posterior axio-appendicular compartment

Superficial layer: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Deep layer: levator scapulae and rhomboids

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What is the medial attachment of the trapezius?

Medial third of superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
Spinous processes of C7 - T12
Nuchal ligament

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What is the lateral attachment of the trapezius?

Lateral third of the clavicle
Spine of scapula
Acromion

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What is the innervation of the trapezius?

Motor: spinal accessory
Pain and proprioception: C3, C4

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What are the functions of the trapezius?

Ascending part: depress scapula
Descending part: elevate scapula
Middle part (or all parts together): retract the scapula
Ascending+descending: rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

What is the medial attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
Inferior 3 or 4 ribs

What is the lateral attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve

What are the main function sof the latissimus dorsi?

Extend, adduct, and medially rotate the shoulder joint

What is the medial attachment of the levator scapulae?

Posterior tubercle on transverse processes from C1 - C4

What is the lateral attachment of the levator scapulae?

Medial border of the scapula, superior to the root of spine

What is the innervation of the levator scapula?

Dorsal scapular and cervical spinal nerves

What is the main function of the levator scapula?

Elevate scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

What is the medial attachment of the rhomboids minor and major?

Minor: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 Major: spinous processes from T2-T5

What is the lateral attachment of the rhomboids minor and major?

Minor: medial border of the scapula at the medial end of the scapular spine Major: medial border of scapula from the level of the spine to the inferior angle of this

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

Dorsal scapular nerve

What are the main functions of the rhomboids?

Retracts scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; as well as fixing the scapula against the thoracic wall

Name the scapulohumeral muscles

Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, and subscapularis

What is the proximal attachment of the deltoid?

- Lateral third of the clavicle - Acromion - Spine of scapula

What is the distal attachment of the deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

Axillary nerve

What are the main functions of the deltoid?

Clavicular head: flex and medially rotate shoulder joint Acromial head: abduct shoulder joint Spinal head: extend and laterally rotate shoulder joint

What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

What is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?

Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor?

Greater tubercle of the humerus

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve

What are the main functions of the supraspinatus?

Initiates and assists the deltoid in abducting the shoulder joint; also acts with other rotator cuff muscles

What are the main functions of the infraspinatus and teres minor?

Laterally rotate the shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

What are the innervation of the teres minor?

Axillary neve

What is the proximal attachment of teres major?

Inferior part of the lateral border of the scapula and the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

What is the distal attachment of teres major?

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

What is the innervation of the teres major?

Lower subscapular nerve

What is the proximal attachment of the subscapular muscle?

Subscapular fossa of scapula

What is the distal attachment of the subscapular muscle?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

What is the innevation of the subscapular?

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

What are the main functions of the subscapular muscle?

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

What is the main function of the teres major?

Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint