Shoulder (joints and bones) Flashcards
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremity bones, including pectoral and pelvic girdles
pectoral girdle
includes scapula and clavicle
synovial joints
articulation of two bony surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage
synovial membrane
surrounds but does not cover the hysaline cartilage in a synovial joint
synovial fluid
for lubrication and nourishment of synovial joints; secreted by synovial membrane
joint capsule
encapsulation of synovial joint space by tough fibrous connective tissues
clavicle
S-shaped bone that articulates with sternum proximally and scapula distally
acromion
bony process that projects anteriorly from the scapula
coracoid process
bony process that projects anteriorly from the scapula
glenoid cavity
hyaline lined depression in scapula; site of glenohumeral joint
Humerus
only bone of anatomical arm
Anatomical neck
junction b/t articular surface of humeral head (covered by hyaline cartilage) and bone of humeral head
Surgical neck
location on the humerus where the head narrows down into the shaft; common location for fracture
Deltoid tuberosity
Protuberance on lateral aspect of shaft of humerus, located midway on shaft; Insertion of deltoid
Greater tubercle
bump at lateral edge of humerus head
Lesser tubercle
bump at anterior endge of humerus head
sternoclavicular joint
only bony articulartion b/t upper extremities and axial skeleton; synovial joint b/t medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum; attaches pectoral girdle to axial skeleton
intertubercular groove
groove b/t greater and lesser tubercles of humerus; “bicipital grove”
acromioclavicular joint
synovial joint b/t lateral end of clavicle and acromion of the scapula; “AC joint”; limited motion
glenohumeral joint
synovial joint b/t head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula; “shoulder joint”; ball and socket type, allows movement in numerous directions
glenoid labrum
a ring of fibrocartilage along edge of glenoid cavity; serves to deepen glenoid fossa
deltoid tuberosity
protuberance on lateral aspect of shaft of humerus - located midway on shaft. Insertion site of deltoid muscle
rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
quadrangular space
space bordered by teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps and shaft of humerus; contains axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels PIC
triangular space
Space bordered by teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps; contains circumflex scapular vessels
triangular interval
space formed by teres major, long head of triceps, shaft of humerus; contains radial nerve and deep brachial nerve
Winging of scapula
caused by injury to long thoracic nerve that innervates serratus anterior muscle –> winging of medial border and inferior angle of scapula
Deltopectoral groove
clavi-deltopectoral triangle; between medial border of anterior deltoid and lateral edge of pectoralis major; contains cephalic vein
cephalic vein
major route for blood returning to heart from upper extremities; lies within deltopectoral groove
collateral circulation
structure or region where arterial blood can reach it via multiple roots; common arrangement around joints
