Axilla Flashcards
axilla definition
subdermal armpit; densely packed corridor of nerves and vessels traveling b/t torso and upper extremity
Four borders of axilla
anterior, posterior, medial, lateral
axilla anterior border
pectoralis major and minor
axilla posterior border
latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps and subscapularis
axilla medial border
lateral thoracic wall and serratus anterior
axilla lateral border
intertubercular groove of the humerus
axillary sheath
contains major arteries and nerves to upper extremities, veins and lymphatics draining the extremtities.
The axillary sheath is an extension of ____
prevertebral fascia of the cervical region
subclavian artery
portion of axillary arteries superior to first rib and in between anterior and middle scalene muscles
axillary artery location
lateral border of first rib continuing distally through the axilla to inferior border of teres major muscle
brachial artery
axillary artery name inferior to inferior border of teres major
Parts of axillary artery
in relation to pectoralis minor (1)proximal to, (2) posterior to, (3) distal to
axillary veins
mimic axillary artery branches except cephalic vein
cephalic vein junction with axillary vein
cephalic vein drains into axillary vein lateral to first rib
Arteries of 2nd portion of the axillary artery (posterior to pectoris minor)
thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic
Arteries of 3rd portion of axillary artery (distal to pectoralis minor)
subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral
axillary vein is formed by the merger of ____
brachial and basilic veins
subclavian vein
axillary vein, starting at lateral border of 1st rib
where does the brachial plexus derive?
ventral rami of C5 to T1
Components of the plexus
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
Draw the brachial plexis
Branches of lateral cord
lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of median nerve
Branches of medial cord
medial pectoral nerve, medial branchial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, medial root of median nerve
branches of posterior cord
upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve
Dermatomes of brachial plexus
Four nerves that leave brachial plexus proximal to divisions
long thoracic nerve (to serratus anterior), dorsal scapular nerve (to rhomboids and some of levator scapulae), suprascapular nerve (to supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
Five major branches that innervate muscles of upper extremity
median, ulnar, radial, axillary, musculocutaneous
lymphangitis
inflammation of lymph vessels
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
lymph node swelling or enlargement whether or not inflammed, may be result of cancer metastases
function of one-way valves in lymph system
promote flow only towards central venous system
thoracic duct
one of the two major lymphatic channels of body; receives lymphatic drainage from the lower body and left upper quadrant; drains into venous circulation @ junction of left interal jugular and subclavian veins
lymph nodes
filter fluid in lymph vessels, site of immunological activity
Lymph
clear fluid from interstitial space carried in lymph vessels
Chyle
lymphatic fluid from intestines involved in fat digestion
