Shoulder Girdle Anatomy & Positioning Flashcards
what bones make up the shoulder girdle?
clavicle and scapula
what does the shoulder girdle articulate with?
head of humerus, manubrium of sternum, each other (AC joint)
t/f the humerus is considered part of the shoulder girdle
false
what is the classification of the shoulder joint by function?
diarthrodial
what is the classification of the shoulder joint by anatomy (structure)?
synovial
what type of joint is the shoulder girdle
ball and socket
what type of bone is the clavicle
long bone
the lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the
acromion on scapula (AC joint)
the medial end of the clavicle articulates with the
manubrum of the sternum (SC joint)
is the curve of the clavicle more pronounced in male or female patients?
male patients
what type of bone is the scapula
flat bone
what is the lateral, thickened end of the scapular spine called?
acromion
which border is the scapular notch located on?
superior border
what is the required patient position to demonstrate the left shoulder in a PA oblique scapular Y?
45 - 60 degrees LAO
how is the arm positioned for the inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method)?
affected arm abducted to a right angle in external rotation
collimation of single AC joint
6 x 8 inches
collimation of bilateral AC joint
6 x 17 inches
collimation of all clavicle projections
8 x 12
light field of clavicle projections
1.5 in above shoulder, 1 in beyond lateral aspect of the shoulder
angle for upright AP axial clavicle
15 - 30 degrees cephalic
angle for standing and Lordotic AP axial clavicle
0 - 15 degrees cephalic
angle for supine AP axial clavicle
15 - 30 cephalic
do thinner or thicker patients get more angle for AP axial clavicle
thinner patients
angle for PA axial clavicle
15 - 30 degrees caudal
three borders of the scapula
lateral, medial, superior
two surfaces of the scapula
costal (anterior), dorsal (posterior)
three angles of the scapula
superior, inferior, lateral
what is the angle for Alexander method AC joints
15 degrees cephalic
breathing instructions for AP clavicle
exposure made at end of exhalation
CR placement for bilateral SC joints
mid manubrium of sternum
which bone forms the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle
scapula
which position will show the shoulder in a true AP
Grashey method
why is upright position required on AP AC joints?
supine position will reduce dislocation, if present
why are two images crucial for showing AC joints?
one with weights and one without weights to show degree of separation of joint space
CR for AP scapula
perpendicular to point 2 inches inferior to coracoid process
collimation for AP scapula
10 x 12
light field for AP scapula
1.5 in above shoulder, 2 in beyond lateral aspect of the shoulder, lateral half of the clavicle, 1 in below the inferior angle of the scapula
breathing instructions for AP scapula
exposure made during slow breathing to eliminate lung detail and clearly show scapula
what is the most lateral joint in the shoulder girdle?
AC joint
arm position for lateral scapula
flex elbow, place back of hand on posterior thorax, ensure humerus does not overlap scapula
which borders of the scapula are perpendicular to the IR in a lateral view?
lateral and medial borders
How is the affected upper limb positioned to demonstrate the acromion and coracoid on the lateral projection of the scapula?
Elbow flexed with the back of the hand resting on the posterior thorax
how should the arm be positioned to demonstrate the body of the scapula?
arm extended upward and rest forearm on head
CR placement for lateral scapula
perpendicular to midmedial border of scapula
collimation of lateral scapula
12 in length, 1.5 in above shoulder, 1 in beyond lateral shadow
evidence of proper positioning AP/PA clavicle
lateral half of clavicle above the scapula, medial half superimposed on the thorax
evidence of proper positioning AP/PA axial clavicle
lateral two-thirds projected above ribs and scapula, medial end superimposed on thorax, clavicle in horizontal orientation
which joints need to be seen on a clavicle image
AC and SC joints
Upright bilateral AC joint SID
72
the lateral aspect of the clavicle is termed
acromial extremity
the medial aspect of the clavicle is termed
sternal extremity
which is more anterior, the acromion or the coracoid process?
coracoid process
what is the thickest part of the body of the scapula?
the lateral angle
SID for AC joints
72 inches
section of the clavicle projected above the ribs and scapula for AP axial clavicle
lateral two thirds projected above, with medial end superimposing the thorax
breathing instructions for AP clavicle
suspended at end of expiration
breathing instructions for AP axial clavicle
suspended at end of expiration
breathing instructions for AP scapula
slow breathing to eliminate lung detail
light field of AP scapula
10 x 12, 1.5 in above shoulder, 2 in beyond lateral aspect of the shoulder and clavicle, 1 in below inferior angle of scapula
arm position for AP scapula
raised at a right angle
CR for AP scapula
perpendicular to midscapular area, 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process
patient position for lateral scapula to show acromion and coracoid processes
45-60 degrees RAO or LAO, arm behind back
patient position for lateral scapula to show body of the scapula
45-60 degrees RAO or LAO, arm extended upward and forearm resting on head
breathing instructions for lateral scapula
suspend respiration
CR placement for lateral scapula
perpendicular to the midmedial border of protruding scapula, medial and lateral borders superimposed
