Shoulder girdle Flashcards
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
clavicle
scapula
humerus
What are the clinical applications of the clavicle?
Common in weight bearing: FOOSH - fracture between lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3 of clavicle which leads to the deltoid pulling clavicle downwards
What structures are also vulnerable to injury when FOOSH?
scaphoid
distal end of radius
surgical neck of humerus
clavicle (at change of curvature)
What are the clinical applications of the scapula?
fracture of posterior surface of spine
fracture of acromion - falling at tip of shoulder
What are the clinical applications of the humerus?
fractures:
surgical neck of humerus - compromise posterior circumflex humeral a. and axillary n. (FOOSH in elderly)
supracondylar ridge of humerus - brachial a. and median n.
mid shaft of humerus - posterior radial n. and profunda brachii (paralysis of deltoid)
medial epicondyle - groove for ulnar n. (funny bone)
What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
deltoid subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor teres major
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
subscapularis
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor
SITS
What are the functions of rotator cuff muscles?
stabilize shoulder joint - act as dynamic ligaments
fixator muscles - short muscles located close to axis of movement of joint which are the first line of defence against dislocation forces
What are the attachments and actions of deltoid?
origin: clavicle + scapula
insert: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
actions: flexion + abduction of shoulder, extensor of humerus
What are the attachments and actions of subscapularis?
origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
insert: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: internal rotate shoulder (medial)
What are the attachments and actions of supraspinatus?
origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insert: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
action: abduct shoulder
What are the attachments and actions of infraspinatus?
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insert: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
action: abduct humerus, lateral rotation of shoulder
What are the attachments and actions of teres minor?
origin: lateral border of scapula
insert: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
action: lateral rotation of shoulder
What are the attachments and actions of teres major?
origin: posterior surface at inferior angle of scapula
insert: bicipital groove
action: adduct humerus, medial rotation, extensor
What are the rotator cuff injuries?
impingement of supraspinatus - capsule and bursa are inflamed = synovial fluid (painful arch syndrome)
frozen shoulder - adhesive capsulitis
