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Upper Limb > Shoulder - Bones > Flashcards

Shoulder - Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 regions of the upper limb?

A

Pectoral girdle, Arm, Forearm, Wrist, Hand

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2
Q

What are the bones consisted in the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and Scapula

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3
Q

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

A

Connect UL to axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum)

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4
Q

What are the bones that make up the shoulder joint?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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5
Q

What bone is the only attachment from upper limb to trunk?

A

Clavicle

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6
Q

Why is the clavicle easily fractured?

A

It transmits forces from the upper limb to the trunk.

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7
Q

What is special about the ossification of the clavicle?

A

It is the first bone to ossify but last bone to finish. It is ossified by intramembranous ossification while other long bones normal ossify by endochondral ossification.

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8
Q

Describe shape of clavicle.

A

S-shaped.
Medial 2/3 convex anteriorly.
Lateral 1/3 concave anteriorly.

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9
Q

Where does the clavicle normally fracture?

A

Middle third. / Medial to the conoid tubercle.

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10
Q

Why does it normally fracture at the middle third?

A

Middle third not reinforced with muscles or ligaments.

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11
Q

Functions of clavicle?

A
  1. Bony boundary of the cervicoaxillary canal.
  2. Protects the neurovascular bundles there.
  3. Transmits shock from upper limb to skeleton.
  4. Allows free range of motion - moveable rigid support for scapula.
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12
Q

Special feature of clavicle?

A

Long bone but it doesnt have a medullary cavity. Has spongy bone with shell of compact bone.

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13
Q

What are the two articulations of clavicle?

A

Medial end –> manubrium of sternum at SC joint

Lateral end –> acromion of scapula at AC joint.

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14
Q

Which surface of the clavicle is rough and why?

A

The inferior surface bc strong ligaments bind it to the 1st rib at the sternal end. (costoclavicular ligament)

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15
Q

What is the significance of conoid tubercle?

A

Attachment for conoid ligament ( 1/2 of coracoclavicular ligament)

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16
Q

What is the significance of trapezoid line on clavicle?

A

Attachment for trapezoid ligament ( 2/2 of coracoclavicular ligament)

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17
Q

Where are conoid tubercle and trapezoid line located on the clavicle?

A

Near the acromial end?

18
Q

Where does the subclavius muscle attach onto clavicle?

A

In the subclavian groove on the medial third of shaft of clavicle.

19
Q

What is the name of the anterior surface of scapula?

A

The subscapular fossa.

20
Q

Shape of the scapula and type of bone.

A

Triangular and flat bone.

21
Q

Where is the scapula located?

A

From the 2nd (superior angle) - 7th ribs (inferior angle).

22
Q

Which fossae are located in the posterior surface of scapula?

A

Supraspinous and Infraspinous fossa.

23
Q

Which structure divides the two fossa at the posterior surface?

A

Spine of scapula.

24
Q

Which of these three fossa are the largest?

A

The infraspinous fossa.

25
Q

Is the scapula commonly fractured?

A

No. This is due to it being embedded in muscles.

26
Q

Which muscle originates from spine of scapula?

A

Deltoid muscle.

27
Q

Origin of muscle at supraspinous fossa?

A

Supraspinatus muscle.

28
Q

Origin of muscle at infraspinous fossa?

A

Infraspinatus muscle.

29
Q

Origin of muscle at subscapular fossa?

A

Subscapularis muscle.

30
Q

What are the articulations of the scapula?

A

Two parts :

  1. Acromion articulates with clavicle to form AC joint.
  2. Lateral pt known as glenoid fossa articulates with head of humerus to form glenohumeral joint.
31
Q

What is the common dislocation at glenohumeral joint?

A

Anterior dislocation resulting in a subcoracoid location of humeral head.

32
Q

What structure is located superior to glenoid cavity?

A

Coracoid process.

33
Q

Shape of coracoid process.

A

“beak-like” appearance.

34
Q

What are 6 structures attached to coracoid process?

A

3 muscles and 3 ligaments.

  1. Muscles - Pec minor insertion, Biceps brachii short head origin, coracobrachialis origin)
  2. Ligaments - Coraco acromial + clavicular + humeral
35
Q

How many muscles attach to scapula?

A

16.

36
Q

What muscles attached to medial border of scapula?

A 
LLRS
Levator Scapulae
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids,
Serratus anterior.
37
Q

What structure lies midway along the superior border of scapula?

A

Suprascapular notch.

38
Q

Which ligament runs along suprascapular notch?

A

Superior transverse scapular ligament.

39
Q

Which 2 structures travel along the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

“Army goes over bridge, Navy goes under it.”

Suprascapular artery over it and Suprascapular nerve goes under it.

40
Q

Name the borders and angles of scapula.

A

Lateral, Medial and Superior borders.

Superior, Inferior, Lateral angles.

41
Q

Nerve that pierces though clavicle.

A

Supraclavicular nerve.

Upper Limb (4 decks)

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