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Biomechanics > Shoulder BM > Flashcards

Shoulder BM Flashcards

1
Q

Overall function of the shoulder

A

Position the hand

Transfer F from arm to trunk & trunk to arm

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2
Q

Osteology of shoulder

A

Sternum/ribs
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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3
Q

Arthrology of shoulder

A

Sternoclavicular J
Acromioclavicular J
Scalulothoracic J
Glenohumeral J

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4
Q

Ribs articulating with scapula

A

Ribs 2-7

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5
Q

Clavicles shape

A

Curved (convex medially & concave laterally)

Lateral end slightly elevated and retracted compared to medial end

Acts as a weight bearing bone

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6
Q

Clavicle osteokinematics

A

Protraction/retraction
Elevation/depression
Posterior rot/anterior rot **

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7
Q

Clavicle kinematic during arm elevation

A

Clavicle elevates, retracts, and post. rots

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8
Q

SC joint ligaments

A

Anterior and post SC lig
Costoclavicular lig (ant & post)
Interclavicular lig

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9
Q

SC arthrokinematics during elevation/depression

A

Elevation: sup roll & inf glide
Depression: inf roll & sup glide

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10
Q

SC joint arthrokinematics during retraction

A

Post roll and glide

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular J is what kind of joint?

A

Plane joint

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12
Q

DOF for AC joint

A

3 angular & 2 translational

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13
Q

AC J ligaments

A

AC lig, Coracoclavicular lig (conoid & trapezoid)

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14
Q

AC ligament limitation

A

Reinforces capsule

Sup - stronger than inferior

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15
Q

Conoid ligament (Coracoclavicular lig) limits

A

Limits depression of ACROMION

limits scapula UR @ AC joint

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16
Q

Trapezoid lig (Coracoclavicular lig)

A

Limits retraction of clavicle relative to scapula
Limits scapula UR at AC J
Limits medial translation of scapula on clavicle

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17
Q

Scapula kinematics

A

Internal/ext rotation
Upward/downward rotation
Ant/post tilting

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18
Q

Orientation of head of humerus

A

130° to 150° superiorly

30° posteriorly

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19
Q

Attachments for RC muscles

A

Greater tubercle: teres minor, infraspinatus, suprascapular

Lesser tubercle: subscapularis

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20
Q

GHJ DOF

A

3 angular

3 translational

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21
Q

GHJ static stabilizers

A

Superior GHJ
Middle GHJ
Inferior GHJ (a,p, axillary pouch)

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22
Q

Superior GHJ restricts

A

Downward translation of humerus with arm at side

Tightens w/ GHJ adduction

23
Q

Middle GHJ restricts

A

Anterior translation in lower range of arm elevation

Titans with external rotation in lower range of elevation

24
Q

Inferior GHJ, anterior band restricts

A

Anterior translation above 90° of arm elevation

Tightens with external rotation

25
Inferior GHJ, posterior band restricts
Post to your translation above 90° arm elevation Tightens with internal rot
26
Inferior GHJ, axillary pouch restricts
inferior translation above 90°
27
GHJ osteokinematics
Flex/ext Abd/add Ir/er
28
GHJ arthrokinematics Flex/ext
Flexion: superior spin Extension: inferior spin
29
GHJ arthrokinematics AB/AD
AB: sup roll & inf glide AD: in roll & sup glide
30
GHJ arthrokinematics IR/ER
IR: post roll & ant glide ER: anterior roll & post glide
31
Scapulothoracic joint is a combination of what
Combination of Sc and AC motion
32
Scapulothoracic rotations
Internal/external rotation 10° Upward/downward rotation 60°” Anterior/posterior tipping 15-20°
33
ST osteokinematics UR
UR is couples with clavicle posterior rot
34
ST function: glenoid orientation
UR Will position the clavicle beneath the humeral head, offering stability Protraction/retraction orient the Glennoid in the correct plane of elevation
35
ST function: increase elevation ROM
Without ST upward rotation, arm elevation would be limited to ~ 120° because humeral head will run out of surface & and hit acromion
36
Arm elevation is a combination of
GHJ & ST joint | -st joint is comb of SC & AC
37
Scapulohumeral rhythm
Concurrent GH rotation and ST upward rotation 2:1 ratio GH rotation 2°. ST rotation 1°
38
Prime mover of arm elevation
Deltoid
39
Stabilizer of GHJ I’m arm elevation
Rotator cuffs
40
Stabilizer of STJ
Trapezius Serratus anterior Rhomboids
41
Deltoid and arm elevation
Humerus elevation Initial F vector has large superior translation effect
42
Supraspinatus
Assists w/ humerus elevation Compression and steering of GHJ
43
Infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis on arm elevation
Depression of humeral head until 120° elevation Ext rot of humerus Limits ant & post translations in mid range elevation
44
Force couple: elevation
Deltoid, supraspinatus + subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor
45
Deltoid, supraspinatus + subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor
D & S - superior translation F on humerus | SIT - inferior stabilizing F on humerus
46
Trapezius on elevation
Upper: clavicle elevation & retraction, SC compression/stability Lower: scapula UR & scapula ER
47
Serratus anterior on elevation
Protraction, scapula UR, scapula posterior tilting, scapula ER
48
Force couple: trap & Serratus ant (scapula UR during elevation)
Upper trap - stabilizes clavicle Middle & lower trap - medial F on scap (above AOR) Serratus ant - lateral F on scap (below AOR)
49
Rhomboids & middle + lower traps on ST joint
Stabilize ST joint
50
Arm lowering
Same muscles work together eccentrically to lower the arm
51
Muscles of depression w/ humerus fixed
Lat dorsi Pect maj & minor Lower trap *working to elevate trunk and lower arm
52
Lower thoracic movement during shoulder elevation
Extension and contralateral sidebend during unilateral elevation (bending)
53
Upper thoracic movement during shoulder motion
Extension & contralateral axial rotation during unilateral elevation (rotation)

Biomechanics (5 decks)

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