SHOULDER Articulations

Question 1

What 4 joints make up the shoulder?

Answer 1

Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic and sternoclavicular

Question 2

Which joint of the shoulder can perform flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, ER, and IR? Loose packed position?

Answer 2

GH joint

Loose packed/ open pack position

• 55 degrees of ABDUCTION
• 30 degrees of HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION (in scapular plane)

Question 3

What is the closed pack position for the GH joint? (2)Capsular pattern (in order)? (3)

Answer 3

Closed pack
- ER and ABduction

Capsular Pattern

• ER
• ABduction
• IR

Question 4

At which joint of the shoulder does elevation, depression, protraction, ER and IR occur?

Answer 4

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

What is the loose/ open and close/d pack position of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

Open/ Loose
-arm resting by the side

Close/d
-maximum shoulder elevation

Question 6

At the AC joint of the shoulder _ and _ _, _ and _ _, _ and _ occur.

Answer 6

At the AC joint of the shoulder ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR TILTING, UPWARD and DOWNWARD ROTATION, PROTRACTION and RETRACTION occur.

Question 7

What is the loose/ open pack position of the AC joint? Close/d pack?

Answer 7

Open/ loose
-arm resting by side

Close/d
-arm ABDUCTED to 90 degrees

Question 8

What is the capsular pattern for both the AC and SC joints of the shoulder?

Answer 8

Pain at extremes of range of motion/ EROM

Question 9

The GH joint is formed by the convex head of the _ and the concave head of the _ _ of the _. What type of joint? How many degrees of freedom.

Answer 9

Is formed by the convex head of the HUMERUS and the concave head of the GLENOID FOSSA of the SCAPULA.

Ball and socket SYNOVIAL JOINT

3 DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Question 10

What about the design of the shoulder joint makes it inherently unstable?

Answer 10

The relatively small articular surface of the GLENOID fossa in relation to the larger Humeral head

Question 11

SC joint is formed by the _ _ of the _ and the _ of the _. Type of joint? Degrees of freedom?

Answer 11

SC joint is formed by the MEDIAL END of the CLAVICLE and the MANUBRIUM of the STERNUM

SADDLE-SHAPED joint

3 DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Question 12

There is a _ _ between the manubrium and the clavicular which enhances the _ of the joint. It also acts as a _ _ and serves as the _ for _ _.

Answer 12

There is a FIBROCARTILAGINOUS DISC between . . . Which enhances the STABILITY of the the joint.

It also acts as a SHOCK ABSORBER and serves as the AXES for CLAVICULAR ROTATION

Question 13

The AC joint is formed by the _ _ of the _ and the _ _ of the _. Joint type? Degrees of freedom?

Answer 13

Is formed by the ACROMION PROCESS of the SCAPULAR and the LATERAL END of the CLAVICLE.

PLANE SYNOVIAL JOINT

3 DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Question 14

The AC joint functions to maintain the relationship between the _ and the _ during _ _.

Answer 14

. . . Relationship between the CLAVICLE and the SCAPULA during GH ROM

Question 15

The scapulothoracic joint is a what type of joint?

Answer 15

It is NOT A TRUE ANATOMICAL JOINT, because it lacks the necessary synovial joint characteristics

Question 16

The _ ligaments surround the _ joint on all sides and help control horizontal movements of the clavicle.

Answer 16

The ACROMICLAVICULAR ligaments surround the AC joint . . . .

Question 17

The _ ligament forms a roof over the humeral head and helps limit superior translation of the humeral head and help present separation of the AC joint.

Answer 17

The CORACOACROMIAL ligament forms a roof . . .

Question 18

The _ ligament consists of 2 ligaments called the conoid and trapezoid, and acts as the primary support of the _ _ limiting superior translation of the clavicle.

Answer 18

The CORACOCLAVICULAR ligament consists of 2 ligaments called the conoid and the trapezoid, and acts as the primary support of the AC JOINT limiting superior translation of the clavicle

Question 19

The coracohumeral ligament attaches proximally to the _ _ and splits distally to attach to the _ and _ _. Helps to unite the _ and _ _ and limits inferior translation of the _ _.

Answer 19

Coracohumeral ligament attaches proximally to the CORACOID PROCESS and splits distally to attach to the LESSER AND GREATER TUBEROSITIES.

Helps to unite the SUPRASPINATUS AND SUBSCAPULARIS TENDONS and it limits inferior translation of the HUMERAL HEAD.

Question 20

The _ ligaments consist of the 3 parts the superior, middle and inferior _ ligaments.

Answer 20

The GLENOHUMERAL ligaments .. . .and inferior GH ligaments

Question 21

Which of the GH ligaments limits ADDuction of the shoulder as well as ER with the shoulder in 0-45 degrees of ABduction.

Answer 21

The superior GH ligament

Question 22

Which of the GH ligaments has an anterior and posterior band that limits ER and IR respectively above 90 degrees of ABduction? What else does it limit in that same range of ABduction?

Answer 22

Inferior GH ligament

Also limits inferior translation of the humerus

Question 23

The middle GH ligament limits ER with the shoulder in - of _.

Answer 23

Limits ER with the shoulder in 45-90 DEGREES OF ABDUCTION

Question 24

What is the purpose of the GLENOID labrum? Often damaged with?

Answer 24

Purpose is to deepen the fossa and increase the articular surface thus improving stability of the joint

Often damaged with RECURRENT SHOULDER INSTABILITY

Question 25

The _ _ arises from the GLENOID fossa an the GLENOID labrum to blend with the muscles of the rotation cuff. It’s volume is _ as _ as the size of the humeral head. It is reinforced by the _ and _ ligaments.

Answer 25

The JOINT CAPSULE arises from the . . . .

It’s volume is TWICE AS LARGE as the size of the humeral head

It’s reinforced by the GLENOHUMERAL and CORACOHUMERAL ligaments

Question 26

The _ _ is a space in the anterosuperior shoulder that consists of and is bordered by the coracohumeral ligament, the superior GH ligament, joint capsule and the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons.

Answer 26

the ROTATOR INTERVAL is a space is in the . . .

Question 27

The _ _ extends over the supraspinatus tendon and the distal muscle belly, beneath the acromion and deltoid muscle. It _ _ of the deltoid muscle _ the _ _ of the shoulder joint and _ tendon. Often involved with?

Answer 27

The SUBACROMIAL BURSA extends over the . . . .

It FACILITATES MOVEMENT of the deltoid muscle OVER the FIBROUS CAPSULE of the shoulder joint and SUPRASPINATUS tendon.

Often involved with IMPINGEMENT BENEATH THE ACROMIAL ARCH

Question 28

The _ _ overlies the anterior joint capsule and lies beneath the the subscapularis muscle. _ _ _ may indicate articular effusion secondary to distention of the _.

Answer 28

The SUBSCAPULAR BURSA overlies the anterior joint capsule . . .

ANTERIOR SHOULDER FULLNESS may indicate articular effusion secondary to distention of the BURSA

Question 29

What is the name of the ligament that helps maintain the tendon of the long head of the biceps in the bicipital groove?

Answer 29

Transverse humeral ligament