Shoulder and Upper Arm Pathologies

Question 1

What three other joints augment the motion of the GH joint?

Answer 1

Sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
the movement between the scapula and thorax

Question 2

T/F A change in the mobility or function in the AC, SC, and movement between the scapula and the thorax increases the function at the GH joint.

Answer 2

Fals, It will decrease the function a the GH joint

Question 3

SC Joint

Answer 3

Sternoclavicular Joint

Question 4

Where does the proximal portion of the clavicle meet on the sternum?

Answer 4

Meets at the manubrium and a portion of the first costal cartilage

Question 5

SC Joint is a gliding joint that allows 3 degrees of freedom of motion…which are??

Answer 5

1. Elevation and Depression
2. Protraction and Retraction
3. Internal and External Rotation

Question 6

Where does the SC joint axis lie?

Answer 6

It lies lateral to the joint itself

Question 7

What enhances the overall stability of the SC Joint?

Answer 7

The presence of a fibrocartilaginous disk

Question 8

T/F The SC Joint is one of the most dislocated joints.

Answer 8

False, It has the poorest boney stability of all major joints, but its strong ligamentous structure and protected location makes it one of the least dislocated joints.

Question 9

T/F The SC Joint is surround by a synovial membrane.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What ligaments support the SC Joint?

Answer 10

Anterior and Posterior SC ligaments, The Costoclavicular ligament, and the Interclavicular ligament.

Question 11

What qualities does the sternoclavicular disk have that are similar to another structure in the body?

Answer 11

The menisci of the knee, functions as a shock absorber.

Question 12

Where does the upper and lower portions of the disk attach too?

Answer 12

Upper portion - Clavicle

Lower portion - Manubrium and 1st costal cartilage

Question 13

What is the function of the Sternoclavicular disk?

Answer 13

The disk divides the joint into two articular cavities, one between the disk and clavicle and the other between the disk and manubrium.

Question 14

The synovial membrane is reinforced by what ligaments?

Answer 14

The Anterior and Posterior SC Ligaments

Question 15

What are the functions of the Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligaments?

Answer 15

Anterior Fibers resist posterior displacement of the clavicle on the manubrium.
Posterior Fibers resist anterior displacement of the clavicle on the manubrium.

Question 16

What is the function of the Costoclavicular Ligament?

Answer 16

It serves as an axis of clavicular elevation/depresion and protraction/retraction.

Question 17

What ligament joins the two SC joints together?

Answer 17

Interclavicular ligament

Question 18

What is the function of the Interclavicular ligament?

Answer 18

1. It resists downward movement of the clavicle

2. Assists in dissipating force across the entire upper extremity.

Question 19

What is another name for the costoclavicular ligament?

Answer 19

Rhomboid ligament

Question 20

What is the function of the Costoclavicular ligament?

Answer 20

Posterior fibers - limit elevation & medial movement of clavicle.
Anterior fibers - resist clavicular elevation from the superior pull of the sternoclidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles & limits medial translation of clavicle.

Question 21

The distal end of the clavicle meets the scapula where?

Answer 21

At the Acromion Process forming the Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)

Question 22

The AC joint is a synovial joint and allows a gliding articulation between the __________ and ________, capable of 3 degrees of freedom of movement, each around an oblique axis:

Why this articulation?

Answer 22

Acromion process, clavicle
1. Internal and External Rot around a vertical axis
2. Upward and Downward Rot around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the scapula
3. Anterior and Posterior scapular tipping around a horizontal axis.
This articulation allows for the motion necessary to maintain the relationship between the scapula and the clavicle in the early and late stages of the GH joint’s ROM.

Question 23

The AC joint is surrounded and supported by?

Answer 23

Surrounded by a synovial membrane

supported by the AC ligament and the Coracoclavicular ligament, which suspends the scapula from the clavicular

Question 24

How many portions of the AC ligament are there?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

The superior and inferior portions of the AC ligament function to…

Answer 25

maintain continuity between the articulating surfaces of the acromion and clavicle.