Elbow Flashcards
Radial tuberosity is the insertion point for what muscle?
Biceps brachii
Lateral numeral articulating surface on distal border of lateral epicondyle?
Capitellum
Indention of lateral epicondyle accepts the radial head during elbow flexion?
Radial fossa
Radioulnar joints are classified as what type of joints?
Syndesmotic
What is the bundle of UCL that is a primary restraint against a valgus force when the elbow is flexed beyond 60deg?
Posterior bundle
Elbow ligament that is divisible into three unique section?
Ulnar collateral ligament UCL
Bundle of UCL, primary restraint of a valgus force?
Anterior bundle
When a varus stress is applied to the elbow, the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL) assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulnar?
UCL
What is the muscle that is the prime flexor of the elbow when the forearm is supinated?
Biceps Brachii
Which muscle is the primary elbow flexor when the forearm is in its neutral position (radial side upward)?
Brachioradialis
Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers?
Ulnar nerve
What is the nerve that innervates the flexicarpiulnaris muscle and the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm?
Ulnar nerve
A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume the elbow’s resting position of ______ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint.
70degrees
What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as?
Carrying angle
What should the carrying angle of the elbow for men be/
5 to 10degrees
What should the carrying angle of the elbow for women be?
10 to 15degrees
What is an increase in the carrying angle of the elbow called?
Cubitus valgus
What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0degree
Cubital recurvatum
An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and the olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree?
90degree
A valgus stress performed on the elbow is assessing the integrity of which ligament?
UCL
Male patients over what age commonly have bicep tendon ruptures?
40
The incidence of biceps tendon rupture is greater by how many times in patients who smoke
7.5
The medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon process form what geometric shape during inspection of the posterior aspect of the elbow, when the patient’s elbow is flexed to 90deg?
Isosceles triangle
Which of the following is the distal border of the semilunar notch
coronoid process
Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow
LUCL
What are the actions of the muscles originating from the lateral epicondyle?
flexion and supination
Which muscle does NOT influence pronation or supination at the elbow
Triceps brachii
Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma?
Onset and location of syndrome
What is indicated by a hard end-feel with passive elbow flexion?
Loose body in the joint
What ligament on the medial aspect of the elbow provides no valgus support
Transverse bundle
What ligament is also referred to as the MCL of the elbow
UCL
What movement doesn’t occur at the elbow
deviation
Which ligament encircles the radial head
Annular
Wartenburg’s sign evaluates what nerve
Ulnar
Some people don’t have this forearm muscle
Palmaris longus
A forearm muscle that flexes the DIP joint of the fingers is the
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
What motion do all of the “carpi” muscles perform
ulnar/radial deviation
Which pronator muscle of the forearm also flexes the elbow
Pronator teres
Which ligament of the medial elbow is commonly injured first
Anterior bundle
Stress testing the elbow in both valgus and varus at 0 degrees is evaluating what structures
olecranon and coroniod processes
The Hook test evaluates
Biceps tendon rupture
THe tip of the 5th digit of the hand corresponds with which dermatome
C8
The tip of the pointer finger corresponds with which dermatome
C6
The tip of the middle finger corresponds with which dermatome
C7
The deltoid muscle cap on the shoulder corresponds with which dermatome
C5
A shoulder shrug demonstrates which myotome
C4
Shoulder ABDuction demonstrates which myotome
C5
Elbow flexion demonstrates which myotome
C6
Elbow extension demonstrates which myotome
C7
Finger ABD/ADD and flexion demonstrates which myotome
C8
The inside of the forearm to arm pit area corresponds to which dermatome
T1
Motions at the elbow
Flexion, EXTension, supination, pronation
Muscles that cause flexion
biceps brachii, brachialis, supinator, brachioradialis
Muscles that cause extension
triceps brachii, anconeus
muscles that cause supination
biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis
muscles that cause pronation
pronator teres, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis
anconeus action
elbow extension, stabilization of ulna during pronation and supination
biceps brachii action
elbow flexion, supination, and shoulder flexion
brachilalis action
elbow flexion
brachioradialis action
elbow flexion, pronation, and mays assist in supination
extensor carpi radialis brevis action
wrist extension, radial deviation
extensor carpi radialis longus action
wrist extension, radial deviation
extensor carpi ulnaris action
wrist extension, ulnar deviation
extensor digitorum communis action
wrist extension, MCP extension, and PIP extension
flexor carpi radialis action
pronation, wrist flexion, radial deviation, and elbow flexion
flexor carpi ulnaris action
wrist flexion, ulnar deviation, and elbow flexion
flexor digitorum profundus action
DIP, PIP, and wrist flexion
flexor digitorum superficialis action
PIP, MCP, and wrist flexion
Palmaris longus action
wrist flexion
pronator quadratus action
pronation
pronator teres action
pronation and elbow flexion
supinator action
supination
triceps brachii action
elbow and shoulder extension
anconeus origin and insertion
O:posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle.
I: lateral border of olecranon process
biceps brachii origin and insertion
O; supraglenod tuberosity of scap and coracoid process of scap
I: radial tuberosity
Brachialis origin and insertion
O: distal 1/2 of ant humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna and ulnar tuberosity
brachioradialis origin and insertion
O:lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin and insertion
O: lateral epicondyle via the extensor tendon and radial collateral ligament
I: base of the 3rd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis longus origin and insertion
O: supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: radial side of the 2nd metacarpal
Extensor carpi ulnaris origin and insertion
O: lateral epicondyle via the extensor tendon
I: ulnar side of the base of the 5th metacarpal
Extensor digitorum communis origin and insertion
O: lateral epiconyle via the extensor tendon
I: the dorsal surface of the base of the PIP and DIP joints in the 4 fingers
Flexor carpi radialis origin and insertion
O: medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon
I: palmar aspect of the bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Flexor carpi ulnaris origin and insertion
O: humeral head: medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon
I: pisiform, hamate, palmar aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal
flexor digitorum profundus origin and insertion
O: anteromedial proximal 3/4 of the ulna and associated interosseous membrane
I: bases of the distal phalanges of the second through the 5th digits
Flexor digitorum superficialis origin and insertion
O: medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon and ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process, and oblique line of radius.
I: middle phalanges of the 2nd through 5th digits
palmaris longus origin and insertion
O: medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon
I: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Pronator quadratus origin and insertion
O: anterior surface of distal 1/4 ulna
I: lateral portion of the distal 1/4 of the radius
pronator teres origin and insertion
O: proximal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process
I: middle 1/3 of the lateral radius
Supinator origin and insertion
O: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, supinator crest of the ulna
I: proximal 1/3 of the radius
Triceps brachii origin and insertion
O: infraglenoid tuberosity of scap, posterolateral surface of the proximal 1/2 of the humeral shaft, posteromedial surface of the humerus
I: olecranon process of the ulna
What is the terrible triad of the elbow?
Elbow dislocation associated with both radial head and coronoid fractures
How many hours after injury does a Volkmann’s contracture become irreversible?
4-6 hours
what nerve is most commonly damaged with dislocation?
ulnar nerve
what is a complex disloction of the elbow
involves at least one fracture along with a dislocation
what is the most common elbow fracture in adults?
radial head fracture
what four individual articulations does the elbow rely on to function properly?
humeralulnar joint, humeroradial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, and distal radioulnar joint
which epicondyle is larger?
medial epicondyle
what motions occur at the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?
flexion and extension
the UCL provides support to the medial elbow against what kind of force?
valgus force
what section makes up the UCL?
anterior, transverse, and posterior bundle
What ligaments provide lateral support to the elbow?
Radial collateral ligament(RCL)
annular ligament
lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)
accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL)
What muscle is the primary flexor of the elbow when in pronation, supination, and the neutral position?
biceps brachii (supination)
brachialis (pronation)
brachioradialis (neutral position)
what are the primary pronators of the forearm?
pronator teres and pronator quadratus
the ulnar nerve enters the elbow and the wrist via what structures respectively to innervate what muscles?
Arcade of Struthers (elbow) and Tunnel of Guyon (wrist). Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and medial portion of flexor digitorum frofundus
the radial nerve branches off in to what two branches to provide what kind of innervation respectively?
Superficial branch to provide sensation (sensory innervation) and Deep branch to provide motor innervation
what four individual articulations does the elbow rely on to function properly?
humeralunlar joint
humeroradial joint
proximal radioulnar joint
distal radioulnar joint
which epicondyle is larger?
medial
what motions occur at eh humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?
flexion and extension
the UCL provides support to the medial elbow against what kind of force?
valgus force
what sections make up the UCL?
anterior transvers and posterior bundle
