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Clinical Practice Test 2 > Shoulder and Elbow MMT > Flashcards

Shoulder and Elbow MMT Flashcards

1
Q

what muscle is primarily tested in shoulder flexion?

A

anterior deltoid

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2
Q

what secondary muscles contribute to shoulder flexion?

A
  1. coracobrachialis
  2. supraspinatus
  3. biceps brachii
  4. trapezius (shoulder hiking)
  5. pectoralis major (if there is horizontal add)
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3
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should a pt be positioned when tested shoulder flexion?

A
  1. short sitting
  2. arm flexed to 900
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4
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should a pt be positioned to test shoulder flexion?

A
  1. side lying
  2. palpate for anterior deltoid
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5
Q

where do you stabilize when testing shoulder flexion (MMT)?

A

stabilize at shoulder

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6
Q

where is resistance applied when performing shoulder flexion MMT?

A

distal humerus, downward direction

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7
Q

what are some common substitutions pts may utilize during a shoulder flexion MMT?

A
  1. ER of arm
  2. shoulder hiking
  3. leaning trunk backwards
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8
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested during shoulder extension MMT?

A
  1. posterior deltoid
  2. latissimus dosi
  3. teres major
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9
Q

what secondary muscles contribute to shoulder extension?

A

long head of triceps brachii

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10
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should a pt be positioned during shoulder extension MMT?

A
  1. prone
  2. face turned towards testing side
  3. palm facing up
  4. elbow remains extended and straight
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11
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should a pt be positioned for shoulder extension MMT?

A
  1. side lying
  2. palpate for posterior deltoid or teres major
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12
Q

where do you stabilize when testing shoulder extension?

A

at the shoulder

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13
Q

where is resistance applied when performing shoulder extension MMT?

A

distal humerus

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14
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested during shoulder abduction MMT?

A
  1. middle deltoid
  2. supraspinatus
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15
Q

for grades 3 and up how should a pt be positioned when performing shoulder abduction MMT?

A
  1. short sitting
  2. shoulder abducted 900
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16
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should a pt be positioned when performing shoulder abduction MMT?

A
  1. supine
  2. towel under arm to reduce friction on bed
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17
Q

where should the tester stabilize when performing shoulder abduction MMT?

A

at the shoulder

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18
Q

where is resistance applied when performing shoulder abduction MMT?

A

distal humerus

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19
Q

what are some common substitutions that may occur when performing shoulder abduction MMT?

A
  1. trunk lateral flexion
  2. scapular/shoulder elevation
  3. using biceps brachii (arm will ER)
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20
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested during shoulder horizontal abduction MMT?

A
  1. posterior deltoid
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21
Q

for grades 3 and up how should the pt be positioned when peforming shoulder horizontal abduction MMT?

A
  1. prone facing arm being tested
  2. thumb down
  3. elbow at 900 (only for grade 3)

“lift your elbow to the ceiling, don’t let me push you down”

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22
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned when performing horizontal shoulder abduction MMT?

A
  1. sitting
  2. arm supported on surface

“slide your arm backwards on the table”

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23
Q

where should the tester stabilize when performing shoulder horizontal abduction MMT?

A
  1. shoulder/scapule = for grades 3 and up
  2. scapular for grade 0,1,2
24
Q

where is resitance applied when testing horizontal shoulder abduction?

A

above elbow/distal humerus

25
Q

what is a common substituion that may be observed when testing shoulder horizontal abduction?

A

elbow may straigten out (long head of triceps will be used)

26
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested during shoulder horizontal adduction MMT?

A

pectoralis major

27
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during shoulder horizontal ADD MMT?

A
  1. supine
  2. arm pointed towards the ceiling
  3. sligh elbow flexion

“bring your arm towards the middle, don’t let me pull it back out”

28
Q

how can you isolate the clavicular head of the pectoralis major during shoulder horizontal ADD MMT?

A

begin with the shoulder at 600 of ABD and tell the pt to move arm “up and in”

29
Q

how can you isolate the sternal head of the pectoralis major during shoulder horizontal ADD MMT?

A

begin with the shoulder in 1200 of ABD and tell the pt to move arm “down and in”

30
Q

where is resistance applied when performing a horizontal shoulder ADD MMT?

A

distal humerus/elbow

pull towards the therapist

31
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested when performing shoulder ER MMT?

A
  1. Infraspinatus
  2. Teres Minor
32
Q

for grades 3 and up how is the pt positioned during shoulder ER MMT?

A
  1. prone, head turned towards testing side
  2. hand hangin off side of table
  3. PT supports under the arm
  4. instruct pt to move forearm up and towards the ceiling and hold there
33
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how is the pt positioned during shouder ER MMT?

A

Can do gravity minimized on table (towel under to reduce friction)

or

pt laying prone with arm off the table (instruct them to turn their palm out clockwise)

34
Q

where do you stabilize when performing shoulder ER MMT?

A

distal humerus for support

35
Q

where is resistance applied during shoulder ER MMT?

A

forearm in a downward direction

36
Q

what muscle(s) are primarily tested during shoulder IR MMT?

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Teres Major
37
Q

what secondary muscles contribute to shoulder internal rotation?

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. anterior deltoid
38
Q

for grades 3 and up, how is the pt positioned during shoulder IR MMT?

A
  1. prone
  2. head facing towards testing side
  3. start with hand hanging down and PT supporting arm
  4. instruct pt to move forearm backwards and hold there
39
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how is the pt positioned during shoulder IR MMT?

A

Gravity minimized = seated w/towel under arm

OR

laying prone with arm handing entirely off the table, instruct pt to turn their arm counter-clockwise

40
Q

where do you stabilize when performing shoulder IR MMT?

A

distal humerus

41
Q

where is resistance applied during shoulder IR MMT?

A

forearm in a downward direction

42
Q

which shoulder MMTs do you not apply resistance at the distal humerus?

A
  1. Shoulder IR
  2. Shoulder ER
43
Q

what motions/directions do you test when performing shoulder MMT?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Horizontal Abduction
  5. Horizontal Adduction
  6. Internal Rotation
  7. External Rotation
44
Q

what are the primary muscles for tested during elbow flexion MMT?

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachioradialis
  3. brachialis
45
Q

for grade 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during elbow flexion MMT?

A
  1. sitting
  2. elbow flexed past 900
  3. for isolation:
    • biceps = palm up (supinated)
    • brachioradialis = thumb up (neutral)
    • brachialis = palm down (pronation)
46
Q

for grade 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during elbow flexion MMT?

A

can be lying supine or PT can support arm while pt is sitting

47
Q

where should the PT stabilize during elbow flexion MMT?

A

at the shoulder

48
Q

where is resistance applied during elbow flexion MMT?

A

to the forearm, out and downward force

49
Q

what are the primary muscle(s) tested during elbow extension?

A

triceps brachii

50
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during elbow extension MMT?

A
  1. prone with arm off the table
  2. entire arm is off, the shoulder/armpit is at the edge of the table
  3. instrust pt to “straighten your arm, don’t let me push it down”
51
Q

what muscle(s) assit during elbow flexion?

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. all wrist flexors
52
Q

what muscle(s) assit in elbow extension?

A
  1. anconeus
  2. some wrist extensors
53
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during elbow extension MMT?

A
  1. sitting with shoulder abducted or flexted to 90
  2. elbow at 90, instruct pt to extend the arm
54
Q

where should the PT stabilize when performing elbow extension MMT?

A

distal humerus

55
Q

where is resistance applied when performing elbow extension MMT?

A

forearm

56
Q

what are some common substitutions observed when testing elbow extension?

A

pt may ER their shoulder

Clinical Practice Test 2 (7 decks)

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