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Clinical Practice Test 2 > Ankle and Foot MMT > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot MMT Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles primarily plantarflex the ankle?

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
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2
Q

what muscles assist in plantarflexion of the ankle?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Plantaris
  3. Peroneus longus
  4. Peroneus brevis
  5. Flex digitorum longus
  6. Flex hallucis longus
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3
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should a pt be positioned for plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. pt standing beside table
  2. Instruct pt to perform as many heel raises as you can through full ROM
    • grade 5 = 25
    • grade 4 = 2-24
    • grade 3 = 1 heel raise
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4
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. prone
  2. feet off table
  3. Instruct pt to “point toes down like a ballet dancer”
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5
Q

where should the PT stabilize during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. no stabilization for grades 3 and up
  2. support ankle for 0,1,2
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6
Q

where should resistance be applied during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A

no resistance applied

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7
Q

T/F: the pt can place 1-2 fingers on the table for balance during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

what determines that the test has ended during ankle plantarflexion (grades 3 and up)?

A

pt slows down

pt starts to only obtain 50% ROM

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9
Q

what muscle primarily dorsiflexes the ankle?

A

tibialis anterior

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10
Q

what muscles assist with ankle dorsiflexion?

A
  1. peroenus teritius
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
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11
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during ankle dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A
  1. seated
  2. knee in 90 off the table
  3. heel is resting on PT thigh
  4. Instruct pt to “bring your foor up and in”
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12
Q

Alternative position for grades 3 and up in foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A
  1. Supine
  2. leg extended
  3. toes pointed up
  4. Instruct pt to “bring your foot up and in”
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13
Q

T/F: in the alternative supine position for foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT, you must apply some resistance for grade 3

A

TRUE

to compensate for lack of gravity

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14
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

no specific test

look for only partial ROM and use palpation

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15
Q

where should the PT stabilize during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

cup one hand around the dorsomedial aspect of the foot/ankle

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16
Q

where should resistance be applied during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

applied down and in toward PT

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17
Q

what muscles primarily invert the foot?

A

tibialis posterior

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18
Q

what muscles assist with foot inversion?

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. flexor digitorum longus
  3. flexor hallucis longus
  4. soleus
  5. extensor hallucis longus
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19
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during foot inversion MMT?

A
  1. sitting
  2. knee of table
  3. ankle in slight plantarflexion
  4. Instruct pt to “turn your foot down and in”
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20
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot inversion MMT?

A

no specific test

check for full vs partial ROM
palpate for activation

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21
Q

where should the PT stabilize during foot inversion MMT?

A

ankle, just above the malleoli

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22
Q

where should resistance be applied during foot inversion MMT?

A

applied to medial side of the foot at the level of the metatarsals

23
Q

what is a common substitution that may be observed during foot inversion MMT?

A

toe flexion

24
Q

what muscles primarily plantarflex and evert the foot?

A
  1. Fibularis longus
  2. Fibularis brevis
25
what muscles assist in foot eversion and plantarflexion?
1. extensor digitorum longus 2. fibularis tertius 3. gastrocnemius (plantarflexion)
26
for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?
1. sitting 2. pt everts and plantarflexes foot 3. instruct pt to "point your foot outward and down"
27
for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?
no specific test (same position as before) assess full vs partial ROM use palpation
28
where should the PT stabilize during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?
stabilize at ankle just above malleoli
29
where should resistance applied during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?
applied to lateral foot trying to move to the foot toward midline and dorsiflexion
30
how do you palpate the fibularis longus?
place fingers on lateral upper leg just below the head of the fibula
31
what muscles primarily flex the hallux and toes MPs?
1. lumbricals 2. flexor hallucis brevis
32
what muscles assist with hallux and toe MP flexion?
1. PADs and DABs 2. flex digiti minimi 3. flex digitorium longus, 4. flex digitorum brevis, 5. flex hallucis longus, 6. abductor hallucis, 7. adductor hallucis
33
how should the pt be positioned for hallux and toe MP flexion?
1. sitting or supine 2. ankle in neutral 3. test foot rests on therapist's lap
34
how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the hallux MP flexion?
bend your big toe over my finger, don't let me straighten it
35
how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the toes MP flexion?
bend your toes over my finger, don't let me straighten them out
36
how should the pt be positioned for grades 0,1,2 during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?
same as grades 3 and up assess full vs partial ROM palpation for contraction
37
where should the PT stabilize during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?
metatarsals
38
where should resistance be applied during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?
proximal phalanx
39
list the primary muscles for the following: hallux IP flexion DIP flexion PIP flexion
1. hallux = flexor hallucis longus 2. DIP = flexor digitorum longus 3. PIP = flexor digitorum brevis
40
what assists in toe DIP flexion?
quadratus plantae
41
what assist in toe PIP flexion?
flexor digitorum longus
42
how should the pt be positioned for hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?
1. sitting or supine 2. foot on therapist's lap 3. ankle neutral
43
how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the hallux IP flexion?
curl your big toe and hold it
44
how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing toe DIP and PIP flexion?
curl your toes, hold it
45
how do you grade hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?
* Grade 5: Completes against resistance * Grade 4: mod resistance * Grade 3: no resistance but can complete ROM * Grade 2: completes partial range * Grade 1: palpable contractile activity
46
where should the PT stabilize during hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?
1. stabilize at the MP joint for the PIP 2. stabilize at the PIP for DIP
47
where should resistance be applied during hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?
plantar aspect of middle and distal phalanx
48
what muscle primarily extends the hallux MP and IP joint?
extensor hallucis longus
49
what muscle primarily extends the toes MP and IP joints?
1. extensor digitorum longus 2. extensor digitorum brevis
50
how should the pt be positioned when testing the hallux and toe MP/IP extension with MMT?
1. sitting or supine 2. foot on therapist lap 3. Instruct the pt to "straighten your toes and hold it"
51
when you test the lateral toes MP and IP extension, where should you stabilize?
metatarsals
52
when you test the hallux MP and IP extension where should you stabilize?
metatarsal area with one hand other hand stabilizes the foot at the heel
53
how do you grade hallux and toe MP/IP extension MMT?
* Grade 5: Completes extension against resistance * Grade 4: mod/min resistance * Grade 3: no resistance but can complete ROM * Grade 2: completes partial range * Grade 1: palpable contractile activity
54
T/F: most individuals cannot separate great toe extension from lateral toes?
TRUE

Clinical Practice Test 2 (7 decks)

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