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Clinical Practice Test 2 > Ankle and Foot MMT > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot MMT Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles primarily plantarflex the ankle?

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
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2
Q

what muscles assist in plantarflexion of the ankle?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Plantaris
  3. Peroneus longus
  4. Peroneus brevis
  5. Flex digitorum longus
  6. Flex hallucis longus
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3
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should a pt be positioned for plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. pt standing beside table
  2. Instruct pt to perform as many heel raises as you can through full ROM
    • grade 5 = 25
    • grade 4 = 2-24
    • grade 3 = 1 heel raise
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4
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. prone
  2. feet off table
  3. Instruct pt to “point toes down like a ballet dancer”
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5
Q

where should the PT stabilize during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. no stabilization for grades 3 and up
  2. support ankle for 0,1,2
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6
Q

where should resistance be applied during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A

no resistance applied

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7
Q

T/F: the pt can place 1-2 fingers on the table for balance during ankle plantarflexion MMT?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

what determines that the test has ended during ankle plantarflexion (grades 3 and up)?

A

pt slows down

pt starts to only obtain 50% ROM

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9
Q

what muscle primarily dorsiflexes the ankle?

A

tibialis anterior

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10
Q

what muscles assist with ankle dorsiflexion?

A
  1. peroenus teritius
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
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11
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during ankle dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A
  1. seated
  2. knee in 90 off the table
  3. heel is resting on PT thigh
  4. Instruct pt to “bring your foor up and in”
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12
Q

Alternative position for grades 3 and up in foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A
  1. Supine
  2. leg extended
  3. toes pointed up
  4. Instruct pt to “bring your foot up and in”
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13
Q

T/F: in the alternative supine position for foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT, you must apply some resistance for grade 3

A

TRUE

to compensate for lack of gravity

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14
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

no specific test

look for only partial ROM and use palpation

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15
Q

where should the PT stabilize during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

cup one hand around the dorsomedial aspect of the foot/ankle

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16
Q

where should resistance be applied during foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT?

A

applied down and in toward PT

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17
Q

what muscles primarily invert the foot?

A

tibialis posterior

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18
Q

what muscles assist with foot inversion?

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. flexor digitorum longus
  3. flexor hallucis longus
  4. soleus
  5. extensor hallucis longus
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19
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during foot inversion MMT?

A
  1. sitting
  2. knee of table
  3. ankle in slight plantarflexion
  4. Instruct pt to “turn your foot down and in”
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20
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot inversion MMT?

A

no specific test

check for full vs partial ROM
palpate for activation

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21
Q

where should the PT stabilize during foot inversion MMT?

A

ankle, just above the malleoli

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22
Q

where should resistance be applied during foot inversion MMT?

A

applied to medial side of the foot at the level of the metatarsals

23
Q

what is a common substitution that may be observed during foot inversion MMT?

A

toe flexion

24
Q

what muscles primarily plantarflex and evert the foot?

A
  1. Fibularis longus
  2. Fibularis brevis
25
Q

what muscles assist in foot eversion and plantarflexion?

A
  1. extensor digitorum longus
  2. fibularis tertius
  3. gastrocnemius (plantarflexion)
26
Q

for grades 3 and up, how should the pt be positioned during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?

A
  1. sitting
  2. pt everts and plantarflexes foot
  3. instruct pt to “point your foot outward and down”
27
Q

for grades 0,1,2 how should the pt be positioned during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?

A

no specific test (same position as before)

assess full vs partial ROM

use palpation

28
Q

where should the PT stabilize during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?

A

stabilize at ankle just above malleoli

29
Q

where should resistance applied during foot eversion and plantarflexion MMT?

A

applied to lateral foot trying to move to the foot toward midline and dorsiflexion

30
Q

how do you palpate the fibularis longus?

A

place fingers on lateral upper leg just below the head of the fibula

31
Q

what muscles primarily flex the hallux and toes MPs?

A
  1. lumbricals
  2. flexor hallucis brevis
32
Q

what muscles assist with hallux and toe MP flexion?

A
  1. PADs and DABs
  2. flex digiti minimi
  3. flex digitorium longus,
  4. flex digitorum brevis,
  5. flex hallucis longus,
  6. abductor hallucis,
  7. adductor hallucis
33
Q

how should the pt be positioned for hallux and toe MP flexion?

A
  1. sitting or supine
  2. ankle in neutral
  3. test foot rests on therapist’s lap
34
Q

how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the hallux MP flexion?

A

bend your big toe over my finger, don’t let me straighten it

35
Q

how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the toes MP flexion?

A

bend your toes over my finger, don’t let me straighten them out

36
Q

how should the pt be positioned for grades 0,1,2 during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?

A

same as grades 3 and up

assess full vs partial ROM

palpation for contraction

37
Q

where should the PT stabilize during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?

A

metatarsals

38
Q

where should resistance be applied during hallux and toe MP flexion MMT?

A

proximal phalanx

39
Q

list the primary muscles for the following:

hallux IP flexion

DIP flexion

PIP flexion

A
  1. hallux = flexor hallucis longus
  2. DIP = flexor digitorum longus
  3. PIP = flexor digitorum brevis
40
Q

what assists in toe DIP flexion?

A

quadratus plantae

41
Q

what assist in toe PIP flexion?

A

flexor digitorum longus

42
Q

how should the pt be positioned for hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?

A
  1. sitting or supine
  2. foot on therapist’s lap
  3. ankle neutral
43
Q

how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing the hallux IP flexion?

A

curl your big toe and hold it

44
Q

how should the PT instruct the pt to move if they are testing toe DIP and PIP flexion?

A

curl your toes, hold it

45
Q

how do you grade hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?

A
  • Grade 5: Completes against resistance
  • Grade 4: mod resistance
  • Grade 3: no resistance but can complete ROM
  • Grade 2: completes partial range
  • Grade 1: palpable contractile activity
46
Q

where should the PT stabilize during hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?

A
  1. stabilize at the MP joint for the PIP
  2. stabilize at the PIP for DIP
47
Q

where should resistance be applied during hallux and toe DIP and PIP flexion MMT?

A

plantar aspect of middle and distal phalanx

48
Q

what muscle primarily extends the hallux MP and IP joint?

A

extensor hallucis longus

49
Q

what muscle primarily extends the toes MP and IP joints?

A
  1. extensor digitorum longus
  2. extensor digitorum brevis
50
Q

how should the pt be positioned when testing the hallux and toe MP/IP extension with MMT?

A
  1. sitting or supine
  2. foot on therapist lap
  3. Instruct the pt to “straighten your toes and hold it”
51
Q

when you test the lateral toes MP and IP extension, where should you stabilize?

A

metatarsals

52
Q

when you test the hallux MP and IP extension where should you stabilize?

A

metatarsal area with one hand

other hand stabilizes the foot at the heel

53
Q

how do you grade hallux and toe MP/IP extension MMT?

A
  • Grade 5: Completes extension against resistance
  • Grade 4: mod/min resistance
  • Grade 3: no resistance but can complete ROM
  • Grade 2: completes partial range
  • Grade 1: palpable contractile activity
54
Q

T/F: most individuals cannot separate great toe extension from lateral toes?

A

TRUE

Clinical Practice Test 2 (7 decks)

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