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Gross Anatomy: Upper Extremity > Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Lies horizontally at the root of the neck and connects the upper limb from the trunk and allows the limb to move freely from the trunk

A

Clavicle

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2
Q

What number of the ribs does the scapula lies on

A

2nd-7th

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3
Q

Where does the scapula articulates

A

Acromnion and head of the humerus

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4
Q

Articulations of humerus

A
  1. Glenoid cavity of the scapula at the GH joint

2. Head of the radius and trochlear notch of the ulna

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5
Q

Normal ROM of Shoulder adduction

A

0-60

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6
Q

Normal ROM of shoulder IR

A

0-90

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7
Q

Muscles of Shoulder Flexion

A

Anterior Deltoid
Pectoralis Major, clavicular
Biceps Brachii
Corachobrachialis

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8
Q

Muscles of Shoulder Extension

A 
Posterior Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Triceps, long head
Pectoralis Major, sternocostal
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9
Q

Muscles of Shoulder Abduction

A

Middle Deltoid

Supraspinatus

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10
Q

Muscles of Shoulder Adduction

A 
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Coracobrachialis
Infraspinatus
Long head, triceps
Anterior and posterior deltoid
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11
Q

Muscles of Shoulder IR

A 
Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Anterior Deltoid
Teres Major
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12
Q

Muscles of Shoulder ER

A

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Posterior Deltoid
Supraspinatus

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13
Q

Shoulder joint that has fibrocartilaginous disk between articulating surfaces

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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14
Q

Clavicle must elevate how many degrees to allow upward rotation of scapula and shoulder abduction

A

40 degrees

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15
Q

Where acromioclavicular joint is located

A

Lateral end of clavicle with acromion process of scapula

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16
Q

Ligaments of the weak joint which is susceptible to sprain and separation

A

AC and CC Ligament & thin fibrous capsule

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17
Q

Components of Glenohumeral joint

A 
Glenoid fossa and humerus
Labrum
Glenohumeral capsule
Glenohumeral ligaments
Dynamic shoulder stabilizers
Static shoulder stabilizers
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18
Q

The fibrocartilage structure that help stabilize the joint

A

Glenoid Labrum

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19
Q

How many percent does then humeral head is in contact with glenoid during elevation of shoulder

A

25 to 30%

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20
Q

Ligament that provides a buffer for the rotator cuff muscle tendons

A

Coracoacromial Ligament

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21
Q

A ligament that attaches to the glenoid to reinforce the shoulder capsule and joint. It also provides stability and prevent translation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid fossa

A

Glenohumeral ligaments

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22
Q

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it prevents anterior shoulder translation

A

Middle GH ligament

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23
Q

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it is the primary anterior ligament stabilizer above 90

A

Inferior GH Ligament

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24
Q

In what angle of the GH ligament in which it prevents translation and provides stability of the shoulder form 0 to 90 of abduction

A

Superior GH ligament

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25
Q

What is Subluxation in GH joint injuries

A

Incomplete separation of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa with immediate reduction

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26
Q

It is a type of GH joint injury where there is translation of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa that may result in subluxation or dislocation

A

Instability

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27
Q

Scapular stabilizers

A

Trapezius and Serratus Anterior

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28
Q

What is Apprehension Test

A

A feeling of anterior shoulder instability with 90° shoulder abduction and external rotation

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29
Q

What is Relocation Test

A

Supine apprehension test with a posterior-directed force applied to the anterior aspect of the shoulder not allowing anterior dislocation. Positive if the force relieves the feeling of apprehension

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30
Q

What is Anterior load-and-shift test

A

Modified from of the anterior drawer test and humeral head is loaded against the glenoid and then passively displaced anteriorly

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31
Q

What is the indication and response of Sulcus Sign

A

If an indentation develops between the acromion and the humeral head, the test is positive. This suggests increased laxity in the GH joint or called as multidirectional GH instability

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32
Q

In what muscle is impingement syndrome common

A

Supraspinatus

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33
Q

The primary movers of abduction/flexion and how many percent

A

deltoid 50%

rotator cuff 50%

34
Q

What are the muscles and action during humeral head stabilization

A

Early: teres minor depresses head
Late: subscapularis & infraspinatus stabilize head

35
Q

What happens to the rhomboid during adduction & extension

A

Downwardly rotates & retracts

36
Q

What is the accompanying movements of adduction & extension

A

retraction, depression, downward rotation with anterior clavicular rotation

37
Q

What happens to the pectoralis minor during adduction & extension

A

Depresses & downwardly rotates

38
Q

Muscles for Horizontal Adduction

A

Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid

39
Q

Muscles for Horizontal Abduction

A

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Posterior Deltoid

40
Q

Subacromial bursae

A

Cushions rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus) from laying directly on acromion process

41
Q

Rotator Cuff tears

A

Pain may feel crepitus, clicking, or catching on overhead activities

42
Q

Rotator Cuff tears

A
  1. Pain may be nocturnal
  2. Tenderness over the greater tuberosity or inferior to the acromion on palpation
  3. Atrophy of the involved muscle resulting in a gross deformity at the respective area
43
Q

Neer impingement sign

A

Pain indicates the supraspinatus tendon is compressing between the acromion and greater tuberosity

44
Q

Hawkin’s impingement sign

A

Supraspinatus tendon is compressing against the coracoacromial ligament

45
Q

Empty can (supraspinatus) test

A

Pain and weakness with arm flexion abduction and internal rotation

46
Q

Drop arm test

A

Patient is unable to maintain the arm in abduction with or without a force applied

47
Q

Biceps Tendonitis and Rupture

A

Inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon occurs at bicipital groove of the humeral head

48
Q

Yergason’s Test

A

Pain at the anterior shoulder with flexion of the elbow to 90 deg and supination of the wrist against resistance

49
Q

Speed’s Test

A

Pain at the anterior shoulder with flexion of the shoulder, elbow extended and supinated against resistance

50
Q

Degree of active flexion w/ forearm supinated

A

135-145 deg

51
Q

Degree of passive flexion

A

150-160 deg

52
Q

Muscles of Elbow Flexion

A

Brachialis
Biceps Brachii
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres

53
Q

Muscles of Elbow Extension

A

Triceps

Anconeus

54
Q

Muscles of Forearm supination

A

Supinator

Biceps Brachii

55
Q

Muscles of Forearm pronation

A

Pronator quadratus
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis

56
Q

Muscles that are active in push ups

A

Flexors and Extensors

57
Q

Muscle that assist the triceps and stabilizer during supination and pronation

A

Anconeus

58
Q

Works in Flexion in all movements of the forearm

A

Brachialis

59
Q

A muscle that is active insufficiency in full flexion with shoulders flexed

A

Biceps

60
Q

A muscle that has no activity in slow ecc flexor movements in supination. Has a mod activity when a load is applied with FA midrange or in full pronation

A

Brachioradialis

61
Q

Distal end of the radius

A

Styloid Process

62
Q

Proximal end of the ulna

A

Olecranon process

63
Q

This bone has a notch on its anterior surface which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

A

Trochlear Notch

64
Q

Below the answer in no. 63 is the triangular 1.______ which has on its lateral surface the 2. ______ for articulation with the head of the radius

A
  1. Coronoid process

2. Radial notch

65
Q

SRUJ Ligaments

A

Annular Ligaments
Quadrate Ligaments
Oblique Cord

66
Q

It is a fibrous tissue with an oblique orientation from the radius to the ulna

A

Interosseous Membrane

67
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of forearm

A
  1. Supinator
  2. Abductor Pollicis Longus
  3. Extensor Pollicis Brevis
  4. Extensor Pollicis Longus
  5. Extensor Indicis
68
Q

The blood supply of posterior fascial compartment of the forearm

A

Posterior and Anterior Interosseous Arteries

69
Q

Muscles of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Forearm

A

Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

70
Q

Nerve supply of the posterior fascial compartment of the forearm

A

Deep Branch of the Radial Nerve

71
Q

Blood supply of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of Forearm

A

Radial and Brachial Arteries

72
Q

Nerve supply of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of Forearm

A

Radial Nerve

73
Q

Anterior Osseofascial Cmpartment of the Forearm

A

Superficial Group

  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus
  4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Intermediate Group
1. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Deep Group

  1. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  3. Pronator Quadratus
74
Q

Blood supply of the anterior osseofascial compartment

A

Ulnar and Radial Arteries

75
Q

Nerve supply of the anterior oesseofascial compartment

A

Median Nerve

76
Q

Inflammation of the common flexor tendon at the elbow

A

Golfer’s Elbow or Little Leaguer’s (Children) or Pitcher’s Elbow

77
Q

Pain may be reproduced with resisted wrist flexion and pronation

A

Golfer’s Elbow

78
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy symptoms may occur secondary to valgus stretch of the nerve

A

Golfer’s Elbow

79
Q

Pain and weakness in grip strength

A

Lateral Epicondylitis

80
Q

Pain in the lateral epicondyle is seen with the patient making a fist, pronating the forearm, and radially deviating and extending the wrist against resistance by the examiner

A

Cozen’s Test

81
Q

Passive extension of the elbow with forced flexion of the wrist with radial deviation may precipitate pain at the lateral epicondyle

A

Mill’s Test

Gross Anatomy: Upper Extremity (4 decks)

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