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Kinesiology Test 1 > Shoulder and Back Muscles > Flashcards

Shoulder and Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what is an active open chain?

A

movement of distal segment of bone about a fixed proximal segment (movement of insertion)

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2
Q

what type of muscle contraction occurs in an active open chain?

A

concentric

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3
Q

what is an active closed chain?

A

movement of the proximal segment of bone about a fixed distal segment (movement of origin)

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4
Q

what does the shoulder girdle contain?

A

20 muscles
3 bony articulations
3 soft tissue surfaces (fx joints)

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5
Q

what is the shoulder girdle used for?

A 
stabilization for hand use
lifting, pushing
elevation of the body
forced inspiration & expiration
weight bearing
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6
Q

what does the shoulder use for stability?

A

soft tissue

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7
Q

what are the bones of the shoulder complex?

A

sternum
clavicle
scapula
humerus

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8
Q

what are the articulations of the shoulder?

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral

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9
Q

what are the false (fx) joints of the shoulder?

A

scapulothoracic
super humeral
bicipital groove

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10
Q

What are the scapular movements?

A
  1. elevation
  2. depression
    distal end of clavicle & acromion move up and down
  3. protraction
  4. retraction
    clavicle & scapula move anterior and posterior
  5. upward & downward rotation
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11
Q

how does scapular upward rotation occur?

A

ocurring at scapula during flexion or abduction of humerus
glenoid fossa moves superiorly
inferior angle moves laterally, anteriorly, up

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12
Q

how does scapular downward rotation occur?

A

occurring at scapula when hand goes to small of back

glenoid fossa moves inferiorly and medially

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13
Q

what are the muscle groups of the shoulder complex?

A

group 1: muscles connecting shoulder to trunk, neck, skull
group 2: muscles connecting scapula to humerus
group 3: muscles connecting humerus to trunk

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14
Q

what is the significance of the serratus anterior?

A

most important muscle for shoulder stability

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15
Q

what the the origin, insertion and fx of the serratus anterior?

A

origin: 1st-9th rib
insertion: medial border of scapula
fx: scapular protraction, upward rotation

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve and fx of the upper traps?

A

origin: occipital bone
insertion: lateral 1/3 of calvicle
nerve: spinal accessory
fx: raise shoulder

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17
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the middle traps?

A

origin: spinous process C7-T5
insertion: medial margin, acromion
nerve: spinal accessory C2-C4
fx: scapular adduction, move shoulder posteriorly

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18
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the lower traps?

A

origin: thoracic vertebrae
insertion: medial portion, spine of scapula
nerve: spinal accessory
fx: pull scapula inferior & medially (addiction, depression)

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19
Q

what is a dyscfx of the scapula?

A

winged scapula

20
Q

what is a dysfx of the lower traps?

A

shoulder slops forward from the weight of the arm

21
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the rhomboids?

A

origin: C6-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
nerve: dorsal scapular
fx: retraction/adduction, downward rotation

22
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the pec minor?

A

origin: 2-5th ribs
insertion: coracoid process
nerve: anterior thoracic
fx: depresses shoulder girdle to face glenoid inferiorly

23
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the levator scapula?

A

origin: C1-C4
insertion: superior angle of scapula
nerve: dorsal scapular
fx: elevates scapula with U. traps + rhoms

24
Q

what is a dysfx of the levator scapula?

A

sagging shoulder girdle

25
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the latissimus dorsi?

A

origin: T6-crest of ilium
insertion: bottom of bicipital groove
nerve: medial & lateral anterior thoracic
fx: adduct (powerful)

26
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the pec major?

A

origin: clavicle, sternum, 2-7th ribs
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
nerve: anterior thoracic
fx: adduction of humerus

27
Q

how do fore couples work?

A

since translatory forces (linear motion) cancel each other out force couple produces torque only. magnitude of force couple = sum of the products of each force + moment arm

28
Q

what force couple create upward rotation of arm?

A

serratus ant
upper trap
lower trap

29
Q

what force couple creates downward rotation of arm?

A

lat dorsi
levator scap
rhoms
serratus ant

30
Q

what type of movement does the glenohumeral joint cause?

A

in-congruent movement

31
Q

what is the glanohumeral joint accompanied by?

A

movement at scapulothoracic joint

32
Q

what types of movement does the glenohumeral joint do?

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
internal & external rotation
33
Q

what make up the SITS muscles?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

34
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the supraspinatus?

A

origin: supraspinatus fossa
insertion: greater tuberosity
nerve: subscapular
fx: abduction, external rotation (most active SITS)

35
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the infraspinatus?

A

origin: infraspinatus fossa
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
nerve: suprascapular
fx: external rotation, horizontal abduction (helps)

36
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the teres minor?

A

origin: axillary border of scapula
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
nerve: axillary
fx: external rotation, horizontal abduction

37
Q

what is the origin, insertion, nerve, fx of the subscapularis?

A

origin: anterior surface of scapula
insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
nerve: subscapular
fx: internal rotation

38
Q

what is the rotator cuff fx of the supraspinatus?

A

snugs head of humerus to glenoid via horizontal pull

stabilizer

39
Q

what is the rotator cuff fx of the infraspinatus?

A

depresses humeral head
(pulls humerus down in2 glen fossa to prevent injuring acromion)
prevents posterior dislocation

40
Q

what is the rotator cuff fx of the teres minor?

A

depresses humeral head

prevents anterior dislocation

41
Q

what is the rotator cuff fx of the subscapularis?

A

depresses humeral head

prevents anterior dislocation

42
Q

what is the origin, nerve, fx of the anterior deltoid muscle?

A

origin: lateral 3rd of clavicle
nerve: axillary
fx: flexion of humerus

43
Q

what is the origin, nerve, fx of the middle deltoid?

A

origin: acromion
nerve: axillary
fx: flexion, extension, abduction of arm

44
Q

what is the origin, nerve, fx of the posterior deltoid?

A

origin: spine of scapula
nerve: axillary
fx: extension, abduction

45
Q

what are the proximal stabilizers?

A

muscles originating on spine, ribs, cranium & insert on scapula and clavicle
i.e. serr ant, traps

46
Q

what are the distal stabilizers?

A

muscles originating on scapula & clavicle and insert on humerus & forearm

Kinesiology Test 1 (5 decks)

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