Shoulder and arm muscles Flashcards
Biceps brachii A.O.I.N’s
A: - biceps brachii + brachialis + brachioradialis flex humeroulnar joint.
- Bicepts brachii +Deltoid (anterior) + coracobrachialis + pectoralis major ( clavicular head), flex, abducts, and adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint
O: Supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
N: musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6
Inflammation of the tendon of the (long head) of the biceps muscle, deep in the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Biceps tendinitis
Brachilalis AOINs
A: Brachialis + brachioradialis + biceps brachii, flex the forearm at the humeroulnar joint
O: Distal half of the anterior shaft of humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
N: musculocutaneous nerve C5.C6, C7 and radial nerve C5, C6
____________aka “climbers elbow” can be caused by too many pull ups, extreme strain of the elbow.
Brachial tendinitis
coracobrachialis AOINs
A: -coracobrachialis + biceps brachii + deltoid (anterior) + pectoralis major (clvicular head), flex the glenohumeral joint
- coracobrachialis + triceps brachii (long head) + pectoralis major + teres major + latissimus Doris, adducts the glenohumeral joint
- coracobrachialis + pectoralis major + deltoid (anterior), horizontally adducts the glenohumeral joint
- coracobrachialis stabilize the humeral head within the glenohumeral joint
O: coracoid process of the scapula
I: medial shaft of the middle third of the humerus
N: musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6, C7
weight bearing activities overuse on the arms: bench pressing heavy weights, golf swings, carrying heavy loads can result in _______________
Coracobrachialis hardening
Deltoid AOINs
A: - Deltoid (all fibers) + supraspinatus , Abduct the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (anterior fibers) + biceps brachii + coracobrachialis + pectoralis major (clavicular head), Flexes the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (all fibers) + subscapularis + pectoralis major + latissimus dorsi + teres major, Medially Rotates the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (anterior fibers) + coracobrachialis + pectoralis major, Horizontally Adducts the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (posterior fibers) + triceps brachii (long head) + latissimus dorsi + pectoralis major (sternocostal head) + teres major, Extends the glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (posterior fibers) + Infraspinatus + Teres major, Laterally Rotates glenohumeral joint.
- Deltoid (posterior fibers) + infraspinatus, Horizontally abducts glenohumeral joint
O: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, lateral acromion, and spine of the scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
N: Axillary nerve C5, C6
will cause pain in the Deltoid muscle , since the Deltoid helps stabalize the shoulder by wrapping around the glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral dislocation
Infraspinatus AOINs
A: - Infraspinatus + deltoid (posterior fibers) + Teres Minor, Laterally Rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
- Infraspinatus deltoid (posterior fibers), Horizontally Abducts the glenohumeral joint
- Infraspinatus + supraspinatus + teres Minor + subscapularis, stabalize the head of the humerus In the glenoid cavity.
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
N: suprascapular nerve C5, C6
if the suprascapular nerve is impinged, if either a tear or an impingment is left untreated, muscular atrophy can occur . resulting in _________________
Infraspinatus and supraspinatus weakness
rotator cuff tendonitis or rotator cuff tears ( which range from a ruptured tendon, to a full muscle tear ) can occur with chronic overuse of ______________
infraspinatus and supraspinatus
low to mid back discomfort, shoulder, upper arm, extending down the hand and little finger can indicate
latissimus Doris dysfunction
when the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles are hypertense due to overuse they can cause tendons that lie deep to them to have expirience more friction against the head of humerus and may result in _________________________
bicipital tenosynovitis
excessive computer use , as well as other forward leaning activities, contribute to the round-shoulders posture and can lead to a tight _____________
pectoralis minor
a neurovascular compression of the brachial nerve plexus and axillary blood vessels, resulting from the hypertension of muscle located on the chest
pectoralis minor syndrome
pain int he upper back between the scapula is a sign of _____________
rhomboid dysfunction
excessive computer use , as well as other forward leaning activities can lead to rounded-shoulders posture- where the 1. ________ are overstretched and the 2. _________ are tight
- rhomboids (overstretched) 2. pectoralis muscles (tight )
deltoid (anterior fibers) , pectoralis major (upper fibers , biceps brachii and coracobrachialis perform 1._______ at the 2. _________ _______
1.flexion 2. glenohumeral joint
deltoid (posterior fibers) , latissimus Doris, teres major, pectoralis major (lower fibers), triceps brachii (long head) perform 1. _______ at the 2.________ ______
- extension 2. glenohumeral joint
A - (upper fibers ) bilaterally extend the cervical vertebrae, (unilaterally) : Laterally flex the the head and neck to the same side , rotate the head and neck to the opposite side, elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint), upwardly rotate the scapula (S/T joint)
- (Middle fibers) adduct the scapula (S/T joint) ; stabilize the scapula (S/T joint)
- (Lower fibers) depress the scapula (S/T joint) , upwardly rotate the scapula (S/T joint)
-O: external occipital pertuberance, medial portion of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C-7 through T-12
- I: Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
N: Cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus C2, C3, C4
Trapezius
- Action: Extends the arm at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
- Selected Synergists : Deltoid (posterior), Triceps brachii (long head), Pectoralis major (sternocostal head), Teres major
- Action: Adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint
- Selected Synergists : Teres major, Pectoralis major
- Action:Medially rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint
- Selected Synergists : Subscapularis, Deltoid (anterior), Pectoralis major (sternocostal head), Teres major
O : inferior angle of the scapula, The spinous processes of T7–L5, the posterior sacrum, and the posterior iliac crest all via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and the lowest three to four ribs (9–12)
I: Medial lip of the bicipital groove (“intertubercular groove”) of the humerus
N: Thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, C8
Latissimus Dorsi
A:
- _____ ________+ Pectoralis minor, Protracts (or abducts) the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint
- ______ _______ +Trapezius, Upwardly rotates the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint
- ______ _______ + Pectoralis minor + Trapezius (lower), Depresses the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint
- _____ _____ + Rhomboid major + Rhomboid minor + Pectoralis minor Stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic cavity
O : lateral surface of ribs 1-9
I: Anterior surface of the media order of the scapula from superior angel to inferior angel.
N :long thoracic nerve C5, C6, C7
Sarratus anterior
- asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, can lead to overuse or strain of the accessory breathing muscles 1. _____ ______ and 3. _____ ______
-forward head posture, can tighten and shorten 2._____ ______, weaken 3. ______ ______and affect function of the 4. __________
-anxiety, panic attacks, rapid breathing (hyperventilation) can lead to muscle tension in accessory breathing muscles
- Pec major 2. Pec minor 3.. Serratus anterior 3. Diaphram
A: Bilaterally: ________ + Multifidi + Rotatores, Bilaterally: Extends the vertebral column
- Unilaterally : Rectus abdominis + External oblique + Internal oblique + Iliocostalis + Quadratus lumborum + Intertransversarii + Multifidi + Rotatores + Semispinalis, Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the vertebral column
- Unilaterally: _______ (Same side) + Internal oblique (Same side) + External oblique (opposite side), Unilaterally: Rotates the vertebral column toward the same side (ipsilaterally)
- O: Posterior sacrum and medial iliac crest via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis, the transverse processes of L5–T1, and the articular processes of C5–C7
- I: Posterior surface of ribs 4–12, the transverse processes of T1–T12 and C2–C6, and the mastoid process of the temporal bone
- N: Dorsal rami of the Spinal nerves
Longissimus
