Shoulder and Arm

Question 1

What are the four force couples at the shoulder?

Answer 1

2 at glenohumeral:
-infraspinatus and teres minor with subscap for downward translation
-entire rotator cuff and deltoid to create humeral head rotation within the glenoid
2 at scapulothoracic:
-upper and lower traps with serratus anterior to upwardly rotate the scapula
-pec minor levator scapulae and rhomboids to downward rotate against resistance.

Question 2

How is cervical influence determined in shoulder pain?

Answer 2

When shoulder symptoms increase with movement, palpation, or joint mobilization of the spine.

Question 3

How is thoracic influence determined in shoulder pain?

Answer 3

If a patient lacks the last few degrees of elevation, of the glenohumeral joint.

Question 4

Why is it important to train the rotator muscles in the scapular plane?

Answer 4

It is the functional position of the rotator cuff and glenohumeral joint; is in a position i which functional motion occurs, can impinge tendons if done in the frontal plane; optimal length-tension position to allow maximal output from the muscles that elevate the shoulder.

Question 5

Best hand position to strengthen the supraspinatus?

Answer 5

Full can, not empty can.