Elbow

Question 1

Valgus stress during acceleration creates what, at what part of the shoulder?

Answer 1

Tensile stress at the medial aspect.

Question 2

What are the goals of the Immediate Phase of elbow rehabilitation?

Answer 2

-Reduce pain and inflammation
-Nonpainful ROM
-Minimize effects of immobilization and muscular atrophy

Question 3

What planes should ROM be in for elbow and wrist during Immediate Phase? And why?

Answer 3

All planes of motion. To prevent scar tissue and adhesion formation.

Question 4

What is the primary goal of early ROM activities?

Answer 4

Reestablish elbow extension to prevent flexion contractures.

Question 5

What muscle crosses at the elbow joint and capsule and may have excessive scar tissue formation when there is an elbow injury?

Answer 5

Brachialis muscle.

Question 6

What are options to reduce pain and inflammation?

Answer 6

Laser, cryotherapy, and high-voltage stimulation

Question 7

What mobilization technique grades can you use during the early phases to neuromodulate pain?

Answer 7

Phase 1 and 2

Question 8

What mobilizations are performed at end ROM to regain full elbow extension?

Answer 8

Posterior glides of the humeroulnar joint w/ oscillations.

Question 9

What type of strength modality can be used at the beginning stage of rehab?

Answer 9

Isometrics

Question 10

What shoulder strength exercises should you be cautious doing during early phases of rehab?

Answer 10

Internal and external rotation

Question 11

When can you initiate the Intermediate Phase of elbow rehab?

Answer 11

-Full throwing ROM prior to injury
-Minimal pain and tenderness
-Good manual muscle test of elbow flexor and extensor musculature

Question 12

What is emphasized during Intermediate Phase?

Answer 12

-Maintaining and enhancing elbow and upper extremity mobility
-Improving muscular strength and endurance
-Reestablishing neuromuscular control of elbow complex

Question 13

What flexibility is emphasized during the Intermediate phase?

Answer 13

-Elbow extension and forearm pronation

Question 14

What may a loss in external rotation result in?

Answer 14

Increased strain on medial aspect structures

Question 15

Progression of strength exercises during Intermediate Phase

Answer 15

Isometric-concentric-eccentric (isotonic)

Question 16

What are the goals of Advanced Strengthening Phase?

Answer 16

-Gradually increase strength, power, endurance, and neuromuscular control to prepare for gradual return to sport.

Question 17

Criteria before entering into Advanced Strength phase is:

Answer 17

-Nonpainful external and internal full ROM
-No pain or tenderness
-Strength that is 70% of contralateral extremity

Question 18

With what type of contraction are triceps and biceps engaged in during the Third Phase?

Answer 18

Triceps: Concentric
Biceps: Eccentric

Question 19

What is used to help determine the readiness of an athlete to begin an interval sport program?

Answer 19

Isokinetic testing

Question 20

What does the treatment for tendonitis focus on?

Answer 20

Increasing circulation to promote collagen synthesis and organization.

Question 21

What does underlying valgus laxity usually facilitate?

Answer 21

Osteophyte formation through the compression of the radiocapitellar joint and posteromedial elbow.

Question 22

What is the resting and close-packed position of the humeroradial joint?

Answer 22

-Resting-Full extension and supination
-Close-packed-Mid-flexion and mid-pronation

Question 23

What is the resting and close-packed position of the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 23

-Resting-70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supintation
-Close-packed-Full extension

Question 24

What is the resting and close-packed position of the radioulnar joint?

Answer 24

-Resting-70 degrees elbow flexion, 35 degrees supination
-Close-packed-Full supination or pronation

Question 25

To improve supination, where does mobilization force need to be applied?

Answer 25

posterior-to-anterior

Question 26

To improve pronation, where does mobilization force need to be applied?

Answer 26

anterior-to-posterior