Shoulder and Arm Flashcards
what is the only articulation of between the skeleton of the upper limb and the axial skeleton
the sternoclavicular joint
the sternoclavicular joint permits movement of?
the scapula and the clavicle
what are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint
elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
upward/downward rotation
lateral/medial rotation
movement of the sternoclavicular joint on the AP axis would have what effect on the scapula?
elevation/depression
movement of the sternoclavicular joint on the vertical axis would have what effect on the scapula?
protraction/retraction OR abduction and adduction
movement of the sternoclavicular joint on the oblique axis would have what effect on the scapula?
upward rotation downward rotation (return to anatomical position
what anterior muscles move the SC joint
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
what posterior muscles move the SC joint
levator scapulae
rhomboids (rhomboid major and minor)
trapezius
Pectoralis minor causes which movements around the AP axis, vertical axis and oblique axis
AP axis: depression
vertical: protraction
oblique: downward/ medial rotation
pectoralis minor and major are innervated by which nerve
lateral and medial pectoral
serratus anterior causes which movements around which axis/s?
AP axis: depression
vertical axis: protraction
oblique axis: upward/lateral rotation
serratus anterior is innervated by? what is interesting about this relationship?
the long thoracic nerve
the long thoracic nerve is found superficially to the serratus anterior- laceration can cause winged scapula
denervation of serratus anterior muscle can lead to winged scapula. Why?
the long thoracic innervates the serratus anterior. The scapula is held against the posterior thoracic wall by the tension and tone of the serratus anterior. Losing tone causes the scapula to wing away from the posterior wall
what is the only axis the levator scapulae muscle moves through? what is the action?
AP axis
movement: elevation
rhomboids cause which movement? around what axis?
AP axis: elevation
vertical: retraction
oblique: downward/medial rotation
what innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae?
the dorsal scapular nerve
the trapezius muscle has what regions?
superior
middle
inferior
the trapezius causes what movements? around which axis?
AP axis: depression and elevation
Vertical axis: retraction
oblique axis: upward/lateral rotation
The glenohumeral joint has which three axes? what are the movements?
transverse: flexion/extension
AP: aBduction/aDduction
vertical: Medial/lateral rotation
what are the anterior muscles of the glenohumeral joint?
pectoralis major
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
deltoid
what are the posterior muscles of the glenohumeral joint
latissimus dorsi
teres major
triceps brachii
deltoid
what are the rotator cuff muscles of the glenohumeral join
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
all muscles that are visible anteriorly
flex the joint
the pectoralis major muscle causes what movements?around which axis?
transverse: flexion
vertical: medial rotation
AP: adduction
the hugging muscle is the?
pectoralis major muscle
the biceps brachii perform which movement/s? around what axis
transverse axis: flexion
the coracobrachialis perform which movement/s? around what axis?
transverse: flexion
AP: aDduction
what innervates the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis?
musculocutaneous
the musculocutaneous nerve continues distally to become?
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
the four muscles that are visible posteriorly
extend the joint
which two muscles are categorized as functional twins?
latissimus dorsi and teres major
the latissimus dorsi and teres major perform what movements? around what axis?
transverse: extension
vertical: medial/rotation
AP: aDduction
the triceps brachii perform what movements? around what axis?
transverse: extension
AP axis: aDduction
the supraspinatus performs what movement? around what axis?
AP axis: aBduction
the infraspinatus performs what movement? around what axis?
vertical axis: lateral rotation
the teres minor performs what movement? around what axis?
vertical axis: lateral rotation
the subscapularis performs what movement? around what axis?
vertical axis: medial rotation
what action can the deltoid muscle perform?
every possible action at the glenohumeral joint
the deltoid performs what movement? around what axis
transverse: flexion and extension
vertical: medial and lateral rotation
AP: abduction and adduction
where does the subclavian become the axillary artery
after it passes the first rib
what supplies the arm, forearm and hand
brachial artery
the triceps brachii are supplied by
the deep brachial artery
what nerve travels with the suprascapular artery?
suprascapular nerve
what nerve travels with the posterior humeral circumflex artery?
axillary nerve
what nerve travels with the deep brachial artery?
radial nerve
what nerve travels with the anterior humeral circumflex artery?
NONE it travels alone
what nerve travels with the circumflex scapular artery?
lower subscapular nerve
what nerve travels with the thoracodorsal artery
thoracodorsal nerve
damage to the shaft of the humerus would effect which artery and nerve?
radial nerve and deep brachial artery
damage to the surgical neck of the humerus would effect which artery and nerve
axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
damage to the scapular notch would effect which artery and nerve?
suprascapular nerve and artery
