Shoulder

Question 1

Pectoralis major

Answer 1

Attachments:
Clavicular Head: medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal Head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
Intertubercular sulcus
Actions:
Adducts and medically rotates humerus
Draws scapular anteriorly and inferiorly 
Clavicular Head alone flexes humerus
 Sternocostal Head alone extends humerus from flexed position
Innervation:
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves 
Clavicular Head: C5, C6*
Sternocostal Head: C7*, C8*, T1

Question 2

Pectoralis minor

Answer 2

Attachments:
- ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
- coracoid process
Actions:
- stabilises scapula by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly
Innervation:
- medial pectoral nerve C8 & T1

Question 3

Subclavius

Answer 3

Attachments:
- junction of 1st rib and 1st costal cartilage
- inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
Actions:
- anchors and depresses clavicle
Innervation:
- nerve to subclavius C5 & C6

Question 4

Serratus anterior

Answer 4

Attachments:
- lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
- medial border of scapula
Actions:
- protect scapula, rotate scapula superiority (lower fibres), hold scapula to thorax
Innervation:
- long thoracic nerve C5, C6 & C7

Question 5

Trapezius

Answer 5

Attachments:
- superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T12
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Actions:
- descending part elevates scapula, ascending part depresses scapula, central fibres retract scapula, descending and ascending together rotate glenoid cavity superiority
Innervation:
- accessory nerve (XI) & C3 & C4

Question 6

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 6

Attachments:
- spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12
- intertubercular sulcus
Actions:
- extends, adducts, and medically rotates humerus
Innervation:
- thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7 & C8

Question 7

Levator scapulae

Answer 7

Attachments:
- transverse processes of C1-C4
- medial border of scapula
Actions:
- elevate scapula, rotate scapula inferiorly
Innervation:
- dorsal scapula nerve C3, C4, C5

Question 8

Rhomboid major

Answer 8

Attachments: 
- T2-T5 
- medial border of scapula
Actions:
- retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly 
Innervation:
- dorsal scapular nerve C4 & C5

Question 9

Rhomboid minor

Answer 9

Attachments:
- C7-T1 
- medial border of scapula
Actions: 
- retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
Innervation:
- dorsal scapula nerve C4 & C5

Question 10

Deltoid

Answer 10

Attachments:
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Actions:
- anterior fibres flex and medially rotate arm
- posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate arm
- all fibres are active in abduction (15+)
Innervation:
- Axillary nerve C5 & C6

Question 11

Supraspinatus

Answer 11

Attachments:
- supraspinous fossa of scapula
- greater tubercle of humerus
Actions:
- initiates abduction, maintains apposition of HOH and glenoid cavity during motion
Innervation:
- suprascapular nerve C4, C5, C6

Question 12

Infraspinatus

Answer 12

Attachments:
- infraspinous fossa
- greater tubercle of humerus 
Actions:
- lateral rotation of humerus 
- maintains apposition of HOH and glenoid cavity during motion
Innervation:
- suprascapular nerve C5 & C6

Question 13

Teres minor

Answer 13

Attachments: 
- lateral border of scapula
- greater tubercle of humerus 
Actions:
- lateral rotation of humerus 
- maintains apposition of HOH and glenoid cavity during motion
Innervation:
- axillary nerve C5 & C6

Question 14

Subscapularis

Answer 14

Attachments:
- subscapular fossa
- lesser tubercle of humerus
Actions: 
- medial rotation of humerus
- maintains apposition of HOH and glenoid cavity during motion 
Innervation: 
- upper and lower subscapular nerves C5, C6 & C7

Question 15

Teres major

Answer 15

Attachments:
- inferior angle of scapula
- intertubercular sulcus of humerus 
Actions: 
- adducts and medially rotates humerus
Innervation:
- lower subscapular nerve C5 & C6