shoulder

Question 0

clavicle

Answer 0

s shaped bone
keeps the shoulder complex in its normal lateral position, keeps arm out
landmarks: sternal end(sternum), acromial end(scapula)
fracture
changes in shape, weaker more lateral 1/3 middle overlaps

Question 1

bones of the shoulder

Answer 1

clavicle, scapula, humerus

Question 2

scapula (shoulder blade)

Answer 2

superior, posterior thorax
landmarks: acromion process, coracoid process, spine
glenoid fossa-forms the shallow cup where the humerus rests

Question 3

humerus

Answer 3

articulates with glenoid fossa

Question 4

shoulder movements

Answer 4

flexion & extension - sagittal plane
abduction & adduction - frontal plane
internal & external rotation & horizontal flexion & extension - transverse
elevation & depression
protraction & retraction
circumduction - all planes

Question 5

shoulder ligaments

Answer 5

acromioclavicular ligament
coracromial ligament
coracohumoral ligament
glenohumeral ligaments

Question 6

shoulder girdle muscles

Answer 6

5 primary
     trapezius- upper, middle, lower
     rhomboid- deep
     levator scapula- elevate scapula
     serratus anterior- abduction, upper rotation
     pectoralis minor-deep
   subclavius- depression, abduction
posterior muscles- slow down arm rotation at end

Question 7

shoulder joints

Answer 7

glenohumeral
acromioclavicular
sternoclavicular

Question 8

glenohumeral joint (capsule)

Answer 8

glenoid fossa-humerus
where shoulder movement & dislocation occur
held in place by: ligaments, muscles, labrum
3 ligaments
superior, middle, inferior glenohumeral
anterior
anterior capsule-most vulnerable

Question 9

acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)

Answer 9

clavicle-acromion
acromioclavicular & coricoclavicular(coracoid process-clavicle) ligament
injury-tender, sprain, separation
1-horizontal flexion hurts
2-2 ligaments, more pain, loss function/ROM(worst long term)
3-3 ligaments, complete rupture, clavicle point up
mechanism: land on point of shoulder, outstretched hand, driven up/down
not fixed-hard to keep ROM, lasting of procedure, recovery time
test: piano key- shoulder separation, sprain, ligament tears

Question 10

sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)

Answer 10

sternum-clavicle
rare for injuries
sprain or dislocation
posterior dislocation-bad(trachea, coratid artery, esophagus)

Question 11

scapula

Answer 11

moves 1 for every 2 degrees of abduction humerus

scapulathoracic joint- holds scapula in place

Question 12

movements of the scapula

Answer 12

elevation- upward
depression- downward
abduction- protraction (laterally)
adduction- retraction (medially)
upward rotation
downward rotation1

Question 13

rotator cuff

Answer 13

rotates, keeps humoral head in socket
4 muscles
  Supraspinatus- ext rot
  Infraspinatus- ext rot
  Teres Minor- ext rot
  Subscapularis- int rot
biceps tendon attaches to labrum
positive- shortening muscle- concentric
negative- lengthening muscle- eccentric
rotator cuff & biceps tendon ->slow down arm
SLAP lesion(superior labrum anterior posterior
tendonitis, rupture, tear, capsule looseness, dislocate(anterior inferior)
  sprain

Question 14

lesions

Answer 14

hill-sachs- top of humeral head (posterior superior)

bank heart- socket (anterior inferior)

Question 15

bracioplexus

Answer 15

C5-T1
  Roots
  Trunks
  Divisions
  Cords
  Branches
    (Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers)
C7- nerve comes out above
C8- nerve comes out below

Question 16

burners & stingers

Answer 16

stretch on C3-C5
dangling arm
tingling

Question 17

shoulder dislocations

Answer 17

only try 2x to put back in(any more greatly increases possibility of nerve damage)
hypocratic method- athlete lay on ground, put foot on ribs, pull arm up/out, lead back in place
in emergency room-wrap bed sheet to support and pull arm out/up, lead back to place
-sleepy juice, hang arm over table

Question 18

prevent shoulder injuries

Answer 18

strengthen muscles
mechanics- doing movements properly
conditioning/endurance

Question 19

mechanisms of injury

Answer 19

acute
abduction, external rotation- most vulnerable
AC joint separation
AC lig, CC lig affected
mechanism- fall on outstretched
SC joint
SC lig affected
mechanism- hit on sternum, fall on pt shoulder
overuse
ex: baseball, volleyball, lacrosse
figure out-volume, strength, balance, repetition

Question 20

muscle testing

Answer 20

active (them)
passive (AT)
resistance

Question 21

treatments

Answer 21

ice-reduce inflammation, spasms, pain
STIM
  waveform, pulses
  premod-decrease inflammation, 2 pads
  inferential-decrease inflammation, 4 pads
  increase pulse-pain
  decrease pulse-swelling
ultrasound
  break up scar tissue, form DP, increase circulation
manual therapy

Question 22

rehab

Answer 22

posture & balance
strength
  little weight, Y,T,I
ROM
  dislocate- want less
  specific
core
hip
proprioception 
rotator cuff
  less weight, more reps

Question 23

emergency reponse

Answer 23

P(pulse) M(motor) S(sensory)
check pulse, active ROM->passive ROM, capillary refill
acute injuries
shoulder dislocation, fracture(humerus, clavicle), sprain(AC, SC, CC)