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Week 1 to week 7 human locomotor > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Three bones of the shoulder complex

A

Clavicle, scapula and humerus

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2
Q

4 joints of shoulder complex

A

Glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular

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3
Q

The clavicle

A
  • Roughly s shape
  • articulates with manubrium and scapula
  • Only attachment of upper limb to trunk
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4
Q

Which view does clavicle looks like an S

A

Superior view

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5
Q

Which views can the conoid tubercle be seen?

A

Anterior and inferior

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6
Q

Where is trapezoid line seen?

A

Inferior view of clavicle

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7
Q

Where is the articular process on the scapula for the clavicle?

A

Acromion

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8
Q

What is the three parts of the intertubercular sulcus and what muscles attach in these three parts?

A

Lateral lip (pec maj), floor (lat dorsi) and medial lip (teres maj)

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9
Q

What nerve might be in danger if fracture occur at surgical and anatomical neck of humerus?

A

Axillary

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the superior facet of the greater tubercle?

A

Supaspinatus

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11
Q

What muscle attach to the middle facet of the humerus?

A

infraspinatus

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12
Q

What muscle attach to the inferior facet

A

teres minor

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13
Q

The sternoclavicular joint is…

A

The only joint connecting upper limb to axial skeleton

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14
Q

Which end does clavicle form joint with sternum?

A

Medial end

The lateral end articulates with acromion of scapula

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15
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial saddle
- biaxial (2 movements, flex extend, abduct and adduct)

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16
Q

What does the fibrocartilaginous disc in the sternoclavicular joint do? And what is the result and function of that?

A

It divides the synovial joint into 2 discrete synovial cavities

  1. Cushion forces
  2. compensate articular surface irregularities
  3. separate joint movements
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17
Q

Ligaments at the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular ligament (wraps around the joint)
    - prevent clavicle popping forward or backwards
  2. Interclavicular ligament (on top of manubrium between clavicle)
  3. costoclavicular ligament (between clavicle and first rib)
    - resist upward movement
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18
Q

Which side of dislocations for the sternoclavicular joint is dangerous?

A

posterior (bc lungs, nerves, etc there)

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19
Q

Movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Elevate and depress
Protract and retract
Axial rotation (own central axis)

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20
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial plane joint
- complete/partial disc

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21
Q

Which two ligaments reinforce the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament.

Acromioclavicular wraps directly around the acromioclavicular joint

Coracoclavicular is further divided into two ligaments

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22
Q

What is the two ligaments the coracoclavicular lig divided into? What is their function

A
  1. trapezoid ligament (anterior)
    - limits scapular rotation
  2. conoid ligament (posterior)
    - prevents clavicular upward dislocation

Both weight bearing, verticular stability

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23
Q

What is subluxation?

A

partial dislocation (this is common for acromionclavicular joints)

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24
Q

If coracoclavicular lig is torn…

A

dislocation occurs

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25
Complete ligament tear for acromioclavicular lig and coracoclavicular lig results in clavicle and shoulder...
clavicle elevate and shoulder drops
26
The glenohumeral joint is a
Multiaxial ball and socket joint It is also a shallow fossa for such a large humeral head
27
Orientation of glenoid cavity?
Laterally, anteriorly and slightly superiorly
28
Movements of glenohumeral joint?
flex/extend abduct/adduct Medial/lateral rotation circumduction
29
Horizontal abduction is in what direction
lateral and posterior direction pull out string
30
Horizontal direction is in what direction
Anterior and medial Pull in string
31
Why is the joint capsule and synovial membrane for the glenohumeral joint loose inferiorly during adduction?
Allow abduction (leaves sack inferiorly, so during abduction there is still area to pull on)
32
What is passive and active stability?
Passive is lig and bones Active is muscle
33
What are the passive stability for glenohumeral joints?
Bony projections - coracoid - acromion This prevent superior dislocation Glenoid labrum (fibrocartilaginous ring) - deepens the socket Ligaments also present as passive stability
34
What are the 4 ligaments for the glenohumeral joint?
1. Glenohumeral ligament - three bands (superior, middle and inferior) and reinforce the capsule anteriorly 2. Coracohumeral ligament (links coracoid process to humerus) - limit external rotation and inferior translation 3. Transverse humeral ligament - holds TENDON of long head of biceps brachii in intertubercular sulcus 4. Coracoacromial ligament - prevent superior dislocation
35
What makes up the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis SITS
36
What does bursae do for glenohumeral joint?
Forms synovial membrane protrudes through fibrous joint capsule
37
Where is bursae typically found?
Tendons and joint capsules eg. subtendinous bursa of subscapularis and infraspinatus Bony protusion and joint capsule eg. subacromial bursa Subcutaneous (acromion and skin) close to tendons of muscles around a joint
38
Dislocation of glenohumeral joint?
Typically happen in abducted, externally rotated, extended position Anterolateral tear to capsule, cause inferior displacement of humeral head (drops down) and causes neurovascular dmg
39
How does humerus elevate to higher angles during abduction?
Coordinated movement of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic articulation increases ROM u to 180 degrees
40
When does scapula start upward rotation?
30 degrees AFTER abduction or 60 degrees after flexion 2:1 2 degrees of glenohumeral to 1 scapulothoracic
41
What are extrinsic/axioappendicular muscles?
originate trunk, insert on scapula/humerus
42
Intrinsic/scapulohumeral muscles is?
original scapula, insert humerus
43
What muscles are part of extrinsic/axioappendicular muscles?
Superificial back muscles 1. trapezius 2. lat dorsi Deep: - levator scap, - rhomboid min, maj Thoracic wall muscles: - pec maj and minor - serratus anterior
44
Muscles in upward rotation of scapula?
trapezius upper and lower fibres - serratus anterior
45
Muscles in downward rotation of scapula?
lev scap rhomboids pec maj and min lat dorsi
46
What nerve innervates lat dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
47
What nerve innervate rhomboid maj and minor and lev scap?
dorsal scapula rnerve
48
What is pec maj innervated by and its proximal and distal attachments?
medial and lateral pectorial nerves prox: clavicular head, sternocostal head, ribs, clavicle and sternum distal: Humerus lat lip
49
Pec minor is innervated by? Prox and distal attach?
Medial pec nerve Prox: sternal end of ribs 3-5 distal: coracoid process of scapula
50
Serratus anterior innervated by? Attchments?
long thoracic nerve proximal 1-8 ribs distal: medial border of scapula
51
If you pull back pec maj on lateral lip, you see...
bicep tendon long head
52
Intrinsic muscles of shoulder?
Deltoid teres maj rotator cuff muscles (SITS) Supraspinatus (greater tubercle) Infraspinatus Teres minor - external rotate Subscapularis (on lesser tubercle) - internal rotate
53
Rotator cuff functions
Fixators, stabilise joint, rotators (duh)
54
deltoid
3 parts (ant, middle, post) middle only effect after 15 degree abduct innvertaed by axillary (fracture onf surgical neck, sensory loss on badge area, cannot abduct beyond 15 degrees) clavicle end connecting ti humerus is internal rotate scapula to humerus is external rotation
55
Teres major
adducts, medially rotates, extend flexed position, GH stabiliser innervated by lower scapular nerve inferior border marks axillary artery becomes brachial
56
biceps brachii long and short heads
long head proximally attach supraglenoid tubercle of humerus, then distally attach radial tuberosity on elbow. Short head attach coracoid process and fuse with long head to also attach to radial tuberosity. Short head is more medial than long head
57
What is below the biceps brachii?
Brachialis, and then is is coracobrachialis Brachilais attach anterior surface of humerus, then on ulnar tuberosity Coracobrachialis: proximal corcoid process, distally on anteromedial surface of humerus
58
Triceps brachii posterior of arm?
long head (more medial) prox attach infraglenoid tubercle of scapula distal on olecronon process medial and lat is posterior humerus Remove long head to see medial head medial and lateral do not cross shoulder joint
59
what makes up the quadrangular space?
superior: inferior margin of teres minor Lateral: Surgical head of humerus Medial: Long head of triceps brachii Inferior: Superior teres major
60
Nerves, artery and vein in quandrangular space?
axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
61

Week 1 to week 7 human locomotor (12 decks)

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