shoulder

Question 1

what is the scapula plane

Answer 1

30 degrees of being anterior to the coronal or frontal plane

Question 2

two opposing muscular forces working together to enable a particular motion to occur is called what

Answer 2

muscular force couple

Question 3

what happens during arm elevation

Answer 3

the deltoid provides force in a superior direction

the rotator cuff must provide a compressive force

Question 4

what muscles are functioning in the initial arm elevation of 0-80 degrees

Answer 4

upper trapezius and serattus anterior

Question 5

what muscle functions when the arm is elevated btw 80-140 degree and also acts as the primary scapula stabilizer

Answer 5

lower traps and the serattus anterior

Question 6

what happens in the glenohumeral resting position

Answer 6

there is a loose pack position
there is maximumm ROM
minimum tension around the surrounding joints
50-70 degree of abduction in the scapular plane

Question 7

symptoms to investigate in the shoulder

Answer 7

previous subluxation
neurological conditions like tingling
vascular symptoms

Question 8

explain why and how we do scapula slide test

Answer 8

why .. to evaluate the stabilizing muscles of the scapula under diff positions of the glenohumeral joint

1. arms by the side
2. arms akimbo
3. arms abducted to 90 deg and internally rotated

measure the inferior angle of the spine of scapula and the nearest thoracic vertebrae
if compared bilaterally and theres a diff of 1.5 cm then theres a positive test means theres an injury or weakness in the stabilizing muscles of the scapula

Question 9

kiblers scapula assisstance test

Answer 9

first thing to know is that there is going to be a scapula dyskenesia…. i.e hypermobility or hypomobility of the scapula
in the case of hypomobility mobilization is used
in the case of hypermobility stabilazation is used

in asisstiance test there is hypomobility
the patient does active elevation or flexion of the arm
and the pt pushes the posterior part of the scapula anteriorly
if theres less pain and more rom then the test is positive
if theres no pain then the test is negative

Question 10

scapula retraction test

Answer 10

winging of scapula is noticed or a hypermobility is noticed
you ask the patient to actively elevate the arm and you bring the scapula to a retracted position as you ask the patient to elevate the arm again
a reduction in the symptoms and the improvement of rom indicates a positive test

this is also done to strenghten the rhomboid and seratus anterior

Question 11

empty can test

Answer 11

why,,, to asses if theres a tear in the supraspinatus muscle or tendon
how…. patient should flex arm to 90 deg and arm should be in the scapula plane as arm is rotated downwards
stabilize the scapula and resist arm while holding the forearm as the patient tries to raise the arm upwards

test is positive if theres pain or weakness with the resistance

Question 12

if theres a pain and weakness in the supraspinatus then this indicates what respectively

Answer 12

pain. … tendinopathy

weakness. .. tear

Question 13

lag sign test external rotation

Answer 13

we do this test to see if theres a rotator cuff tear
passively bring the arm to a 90 deg abduction in the scapula plane and lift the forearm up 90 deg
ask the patient to hold this position
if he cant hold this position then the test is positive

Question 14

what test is used to asses for the rupture of the subscapularis

Answer 14

lift off or gabers test

Question 15

what test is used to asses pain in the subacromial space and is also used for impingement syndrome

Answer 15

neers test
patient in sitting position as the pt is behind and stabilizes the scapula while the arm is passively flexed and internally rotated
if patient feels pain then test is positive

Question 16

hawkins test

Answer 16

to test for shoulder impingemnet

passively bring patients arm to 90 deg of flexion while the patients arms is rested on yours then internally rotate arm
test is positive if theres a pain

Question 17

which test is used to assses biceps pathology

Answer 17

speeds test
arm in 90 deg flexion and the forearm supinated as the pt resists the wrsits as the patient moves to 90 deg flexion
pain or weakness shows positive test

Question 18

yergusson test

Answer 18

to check for the pathology of the biceps
shoulder by the sides
elbow 90 deg flexed and the foream is pronated
1 of the pts arm should rest on the anterior shoulder patient actively supinating the forearm and rotating externally as you resist the external rotation movement

pain in anterior shoulder shows a positive test

Question 19

what test is used to asses the anterior acromial joint

Answer 19

scarf test
touch the other side of the shoulder
if the pateint cant reach it then the test is positive