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Orthopedics > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius origin and insertion

A

Origin - C7-T12 spinous process

Insertion - Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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2
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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3
Q

Trapezius action

A

Elevate and rotate scapula

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4
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion

A

Origin - T7-T12, iliac crest

Insertion - Humerus (intertubercular groove)

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5
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Adduct, extend and IR arm

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7
Q

Levator scapulae origin and insertion

A

Origin - C1-C4 spinous processes

Insertion - Superior medial scapula

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8
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular (C3-C4)

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9
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevate scapula

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10
Q

Rhomboid minor origin and insertion

A

Origin - C7-T1

Insertion - medial scapula (at spine)

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11
Q

Rhomboid minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapular

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12
Q

Rhomboid minor action

A

Adduct scapula

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13
Q

Rhomboid major origin and insertion

A

Origin - T2-T5

Insertion: Medial scapula

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14
Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular

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15
Q

Rhomboid major action

A

Adduct scapula

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16
Q

What happens if there is weakness of the trapezius?

A

Lateral winging

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17
Q

What muscles connect the UE to the spine

A

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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18
Q

Triangular space borders

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps long head

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19
Q

What structure(s) are in the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular artery

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20
Q

Quadrangular space borders

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head triceps
Medial border of humerus

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21
Q

What structure(s) are in the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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22
Q

Borders of triangular interval

A

Triceps long head
Triceps lateral head
Teres major

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23
Q

What structure(s) are in the triangular interval?

A

Deep artery of the arm

Radial nerve

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24
Q

Supraspinatus origin and insertion

A

O: supraspinatus fossa

I: great tubercle (superior)

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25
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

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26
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

Abduct FF arm

Stability

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27
Q

Infraspinatus origin and insertion

A

O: Infraspinatus fossa

I: greater tubercle (middle)

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28
Q

Infraspinatus action

A

ER arm

Stability

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29
Q

Teres minor origin and insertion

A

O: Lateral scapula
I: greater tubercle (inferior)

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30
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

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31
Q

infraspinatus innevervation

A

suprascapular

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32
Q

Teres minor action

A

ER arm

stability

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33
Q

Subscapularis origin and insertion

A

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle

34
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

35
Q

Subscapularis action

A

IR

adduct arm

stability

36
Q

Deltoid origin and insertion

A

O: Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

37
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

axillary

38
Q

Deltoid action

A

abduct arm

39
Q

Teres major origin and insertion

A

O: inferior angle of scapula
I: Humerus (intertubercular groove)

40
Q

Teres major innervation

A

lower subscapular

41
Q

Teres major action

A

IR

Adduct arm

42
Q

which muscle is trapped in shoulder impingement

A

supraspinatus

43
Q

which rotator cuff tendon is most commonly torn

A

supraspinatus

44
Q

where would you see most atrophy in axillary nerve damage?

A

deltoid

45
Q

what muscle protects the radial nerve in posterior approach for shoulder repair

A

teres major

46
Q

Pectoralis major origin and insertion

A

O: clavicle, sternum
I: Humerus (intertubercular groove)

47
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

medial and lateral pectoral

48
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

adduct arm

IR humerus

49
Q

Pectoralis minor origin and insertion

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process

50
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

51
Q

Pectoralis minor action

A

stabilizes scapula

52
Q

what muscle divides the axillary artery into 3 parts

A

Pectoralis minor

53
Q

Serratus anterior origin and insertion

A

O: ribs 1-8
I: antero-medial border of scapula

54
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic

55
Q

Serratus anterior action

A

holds scapula to chest wall

56
Q

Paralysis of what muscle causes medial winging of scapula

A

serratus anterior

57
Q

Subclavius origin and insertion

A

O: Rib 1 (and costal cartilage)
I: Clavicle (inferior border/mid 3rd)

58
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

nerve to subclavius

59
Q

Subclavius action

A

depresses clavicle

60
Q

What is pathognomonic for a rotator cuff tear on MRI

A

communication between the shoulder joint and subdeltoid bursa (subacromial space)

61
Q

pathogenesis of external impingement

A

repeated arm abduction causes repeated impingement of the supraspinatus tendon between the greater tubercle and acromion causing degeneration and inflammation of the tendon, secondary inflammation of bursa, and pain

62
Q

3 stages of adhesive capuslitis

A

pain, stiffness, resolving (thawing)

63
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis

A

synovial inflammation leads to capsular fibrosis and loss of joint space

64
Q

which tests test for biceps tenditinits?

A

speed and yergason’s test

65
Q

what is biceps tendinitis associated with?

A

impingement, rotator cuff tear (esp. subscapularis), and tendon subluxation

66
Q

what tests test for external impingement?

A

Neers and Hawkins test

67
Q

Name +test for rotator cuff tear

A

SS: FF, +empty can test
IS: ER, +hornblower’s
Subscapularis: IR, +lift off, +belly press, increased ER

68
Q

What is TUBS?

A

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability
(Traumatic Unilateral dislocations with a Bankart lesion requiring Surgery)

  • Result of dislocation (Trauma)
  • Most often UNILATERAL
  • Labral tear (BANKART lesion) results from the dislocation
  • SURGERY is most often needed (90% recurrence rate)
69
Q

What is AMBRI?

A

Glenohumeral joint instability

  • ATRAUMATIC
  • MULTIDIRECTIONAL
  • BILATERAL
  • Responds to REHAB
  • INFERIOR capsular shift may help
70
Q

what is SLAP lesion?

A

tear of superior labrum from anterior to posterior

71
Q

what tests would be positive for SLAP lesion

A

O’brien’s

Crank test

72
Q

imaging for labral tears

A

MR arthrogram

73
Q

condition with small, undescended scapula; omovertebral bone connects C-spine to scapula

that is associated with Klippel-Field syndrome, scoliosis and kidney disease

neck appears short/full, often decreased ROM

A

Sprengel’s deformity

74
Q

what is a bankart lesion

A

is an avulsion of the anterior labrum and anterior band of the IGHL from the anterior inferior glenoid.

Bony bankart lesion - is a fracture of the anterior inferior glenoid

75
Q

what is Hill-Sachs defect

A

is a chondral impaction injury in the posterosuperior humeral head secondary to contact with the glenoid rim.

is present in 80% of traumatic dislocations and 25% of traumatic subluxations

is not clinically significant unless it engages the glenoid

76
Q

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

77
Q

Which nerves make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

78
Q

What CN is axillary nerve?

A

C5, C6

79
Q

What CN is radial nerve

A

C5-8, T1

80
Q

What CN makes up median nerve

A

C5-8, T1

81
Q

What CN makes up ulnar nerve

A

C7, C8, T1

Orthopedics (6 decks)

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