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DPT 690 - PT Interventions II > Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) > Flashcards

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Properties of Diathermy

  • Shortwave frequency & wavelength = ?
  • Microwave frequency & wavelength = ?
  • Both shortwaves and microwaves are = ?
  • Both types can be delivered = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Physical Properties of Diathermy:

(a) Shortwave (SWD)

  • 10 to 100 MHz frequency,
  • 3 to 30 m wavelength

(b) Microwave (MWD)

  • 300 MHz to 300 GHz and,
  • 1 mm to 1 m wavelengths

(c) Both shortwaves & microwaves are non-ionizing

  • cannot affect molecular bonds or produce ions

(d) Both types can be delivered in continuous or pulsed mode.

  • Pulsed shortwave diathermy = (PSWD) heat is dissipated during the “off” time before it can be absorbed.
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2
Q

Physical Properties of Diathermy

  • Both shortwaves and microwaves are = ?
  • Both types can be delivered = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Physical Properties of Diathermy:

(c) Both shortwaves & microwaves are non-ionizing

  • cannot affect molecular bonds or produce ions

(d) Both types can be delivered in continuous or pulsed mode.

  • Pulsed shortwave diathermy = (PSWD) heat is dissipated during the “off” time before it can be absorbed.
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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE

In pulsed shortwave diathermy, heat is dissipated during the “off” time before it can be absorbed.

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

TRUE

  • Pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD): Heat is dissipated during the “ off ” time before it can be absorbed.
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4
Q

Physical Properties of Diathermy

The ammount of energy is absorbed depends on = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Physical Properties of Diathermy:

(-) How much energy is absorbed by the tissue depends on:

  • Type of tissue
  • Tissue perfusion
  • Strength of the magnetic field reaching the tissue

Notes:

  • The amount of heating cannot be accurately prescribed or directly measured.
  • We must rely on patient’s report and on data provided by the manufacturer of the device.
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5
Q

Three different types diathermy applicators = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Types of Diathermy Applicators:

(a) 3 Different Types

  • Inductive coils (heating by magnetic field)
  • Capacitive plates (heating by electrical field)
  • Magnetron (similar to what is utilized in microwave ovens intended for cooking food)

(b) Inductive coils and capacitive plates can be used to apply SWD

(c) Magnetron is used to apply MWD

(d) PSWD devices use inductive coil applicators in a drum form or capacitive plates

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6
Q

Inductive Coil Diathermy

How does this work = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Inductive Coil Diathermy:

  • Alternating current in the coil produces a magnetic field perpendicular to the coil, which induces electrical currents in the tissues.
  • Induced electrical currents cause charged particles in the tissue to oscillate.
  • Friction produced by the oscillation produces elevation of tissue temperature.
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7
Q

How much heat is received by the body = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

How Much Heat Is Received By The Body:

(-) Depends on the strength of the magnetic field that reaches the tissue

  • The closer the applicator, the stronger the magnetic field

(-) Depends on the strength of the induced currents

(-) Tissue electrical conductivity

  • Metals and tissues with high water and electrolyte content
  • Muscle, synovial fluid = high electrical conductivity.
  • Tissues with low water content (fat, bone, collagen) = low electrical conductivity

(-) Conclusion:

  • Inductive coils can heat both deep and superficial tissues, but they produce the most heat in tissues closest to the applicator AND in tissues with the highest electrical conductivity.
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8
Q

Diathermy Delivery

Three methods & depths = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A
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9
Q

Ultrasound & Shortwave Diathermy

  • Depth = ?
  • Area(s) = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Thermal Ultrasound and Shortwave Diathermy:

(a) Ultrasound:

  • Can heat tissues 3-5 cm deep to over 40˚C
  • Heats small areas
  • Short window for stretching (5-10 minutes)

(b) Shortwave Diathermy:

  • Can heat tissues 3-6 cm deep to over 40˚C
  • Heats large areas
  • Long window for stretching (15-20 minutes)
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10
Q

Non-Thermal Ultrasound and Pulsed Shortwave Diathermy

  • Used for = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Non-Thermal Ultrasound and Pulsed Shortwave Diathermy:

(a) Ultrasound

  • Edema reduction – small areas and joints
  • Acute trigger point
  • Stimulate tissue healing

(b) Shortwave Diathermy

  • Decreased acute inflammation and edema – larger areas
  • Stimulate tissue healing – larger areas
  • Decrease pain – larger areas
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11
Q

Common Uses For PSWD (non-thermal) = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Common Uses For PSWD (non-thermal):

(a) Pain and edema control

  • Acute wrist and ankle sprains/strains
  • Acute cervical strains

(b) Wound healing

  • Post surgical incision wounds, if appropriate
  • Stage II-IV decubitus ulcers
  • Some forms of burn related injuries

(c) Time required for effective treatment = 45 minutes!

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12
Q

Effects of Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Effects of Diathermy:

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13
Q

Clinical Indications for the use of Diathermy

  • Advantages over other thermal agents = ?
  • Disadvantages = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Clinical indications for the use of Diathermy:

(a) Advantages over other thermal agents

  • Can heat deeper tissues than hot packs
  • Can heat larger areas than ultrasound
  • SWD is not reflected by bone – no risk of periosteal burning
  • Little time for application and set-up
  • Sometimes reimbursed better than hot packs

(b) Disadvantages

  • Equipment is not always available
  • Time needed for effective tx is long, doesn’t lend itself to outpatient environment, used more in SNF’s
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14
Q

Clinical Indications for the Use of Diathermy

  • Thermal = ?
  • Non-Thermal = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Clinical indications for the use of Diathermy:

(a) Thermal:

  • Indicated for deeper, larger areas such as shoulder, hip joint/back.

(b) Non-Thermal:

  • Control of pain and edema - varying research.
  • Soft-tissue/wound healing
  • Osteoarthritis symptoms – at knee
  • Potential others: neuropathy, ischemic skin flaps, cerebral and myocardial diseases.
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15
Q

Two general contraindications for Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

General Contraindications for Diathermy:

  1. Pregnancy (belly or body)
  2. Implanted or transcutaneous stimulators, including pacemakers (chest or body)
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16
Q

Contraindications for Thermal Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Contraindications for Thermal Diathermy:

  • Pacemaker
  • Electronic devices
  • Metal implants
  • Over the testes
  • Cancer
17
Q

Contraindications for Nonthermal Pulsed Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Contraindications for Nonthermal Pulsed Diathermy:

  • Pacemakers
  • Electronic devices
  • Metal implants
  • Should not be used as a substitute for conventional therapy for edema and pain
  • Intended to be used in conjunction with compression, immobilization, medications, etc.
18
Q

Precautions for all Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Precautions for all Diathermy:

  • Near electronic or magnetic equipment
  • Obesity
  • Copper-bearing intra-uterine contraceptive devices
19
Q

Precautions for all Nonthermal Pulsed Diathermy = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Precautions for all Nonthermal Pulsed Diathermy:

  • Pregnancy
  • Skeletal immaturity
20
Q

Therapist Precautions = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Therapist Precautions:

  • Recommended to stay 1-2 meters (3-6 ft.) away from continuous diathermy due to diffuse radiation and potential exposure if applying to multiple patients a day.
  • Several studies have shown varying degrees of damage to fetus.
21
Q

Key points in regards to application techniques = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Application Techniques:

Wooden Table:

  • Coils should be approx. 3 cm apart.
  • 6-8 layers of towels with coils laid on patient

Wooden Chair:

  • Plates placed equal distance from surface.
  • Approx. 2-10 cm.
22
Q

Procedure for SWD = ?

  • Time = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Procedure for SWD:

  • Position and Drape, (Wooden table/ Chair)
  • Check Machine for safety clearance
  • Single layer towel over tx area;
  • Apply Diathermy unit as appropriate (capacitance vs. inductance) and turn on machine
  • Time for effective tx = 20-30 minutes
  • Feedback from patient regarding warmth
  • Turn off machine before removing electrode(s) from patient; towel treatment area off
  • Assess treatment efficacy; proceed with remaining therapy treatment as appropriate
23
Q

What must be documented = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A

Documentation:

  • Area treated
  • Frequency (most common is 27.12 MHz)
  • Power setting
  • Pulse rate
  • Time
  • Type of applicator
  • Patient position
  • Distance of applicator from patient
  • Patient response
24
Q

Research

Short-wave therapy is
beneficial for = ?

Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

A
  • Short-wave therapy is beneficial for relieving pain caused by knee osteoarthritis (the pulse modality seems superior to the continuous modality), and knee extensor muscle combining with isokinetic strength.
  • Function was not improved.

DPT 690 - PT Interventions II (13 decks)

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