Practical #2

Question 1

Acute pain / Small Area = ?

Answer 1

- Acute Pain / Small Area:

• Conventrial TENS
• Goal = Block pain through gate control theory
• Biphasic symmetrical
• Pulse Width / Duration = 50-80 us
• Pulse Rate = 100-150 pps
• Time = PRN < 24 hours
• Sensation = Strong, comfortable

Question 2

Acute pain / Large Area = ?

Answer 2

- Acute pain / Large Area:

• IFC
• Goal = Block pain through gate control theory
• Carrier = 4000-5000 Hz
• Beat = 80-150 Hz
• Time = 10-20 min
• Sensation = Pleasant to Strong Sensation, No muscle contraction

Question 3

Chronic pain / Small Area = ?

Answer 3

- Chronic Pain / Small Area:

• Strong, Low-Rate TENS
• Goal = Stimulate opiod-like release
• Biphasic symmetrical
• Pulse Width / Duration = 200-300 us
• Pulse Rate = 2-10 pps
• Time = 20-30 minutes
• Sensation = Strong, sharp muscle twitch

Question 4

Chronic pain / Large Area = ?

Answer 4

- Chronic pain / Large Area:

• IFC
• Goal = Stimulate opiod-like release
• Carrier = 2500 Hz
• Beat = 2-10 Hz
• Time = 10-20 min
• Sensation = Strong to sharp sensation, minimal muscle contraction

Question 7

Functional Training:

• Everything = ?

Answer 7

- Functional Training

- NMES

- On/Off = 1.1-1:3

• DEPENDS on functional goals
• Guide the extremity during on time

- Ramp Time = 2-3 sec

- Amplitude (Same as NMES)

• Healthy muscle = 50% MVIC
• Weak muscle = 10% MVIC

- Pulse Frequency = 35-50 pps

- Pulse Width / Duration = 200 usec

• Only shorter because typically used on smaller muscle groups for this lab

Question 8

Edema from immobility:

• Small muscle vs. Large muscle = ?

Answer 8

- Edema from immobility (small & large muscles)

- NMES

- Pulse Width / Duration

• Small = 150-200 usec
• Large = 200-350 usec

- Ramp Time = atleast 1 sec

- On/Off = 2-5 sec. on / 2-5 sec. off

• 1:1 for ‘pumping action’
• DEPENDS on functional goals
• Guide the extremity during on time

- Amplitude = visible muscle contraction

• Healthy muscle = 50% MVIC
• Weak muscle = 10% MVIC

- Settings =

• One channel = Simultaneous
• Two channel = Alternating

polarity = (-)

Question 9

Weak Muscle - NMES

Answer 9

- Weak Muscle

- NMES

- Pulse Width / Duration

• Small muscle = 150 usec
• Large muscle = 300 usec

- Pulse Frequency = 35-50 pps

- On/Off

• Muscle strengthening = 6-10 sec. / 1:5 = “10 sec. on / 50 sec. relax“
• Fatiguing spasm = 2-5 sec. on / 1:1

- Ramp Time

• Small muscle = 1-2 sec
• Large muscle = 3-5 sec

- Amplitude = visible muscle contraction

• Healthy muscle = 50% MVIC
• Weak muscle = 10% MVIC

- Time = 10-20 contractions

• 10-20 minutes