Short Terms Flashcards
LOOPING STATEMENTS
Statements execute one or more statements repeatedly several times.
Types of loops: for loop
while
do while.
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
Perform different computation depending on whether programmer’s specified boolean condition evaluates to false or true.
HARDWARE
Physical components of computer system such as CPU,RAM,storage devices, input/output devices.
EX: Keyboard, SSD,display.
SOFTWARE
Collection of data or computer instructions that tell a computer how to work.
Such as operating system.
PROGRAMMER
Responsible for coding and testing of programs to provide processing functions in a variety of applications.
MULTITASKING
User has more than one program open at the same time.
OS allows users to switch between programs with each running in a different window.
MULTI USER
OS supports a network where more than one user can access the same data at same time.
Appears to each user as if they are the only same user on the system.
In multi user environment, OS will control access by use of usernames and passwords.
DATA STUCTURE
Recognition of sequencing, selection and repetition in programs.
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Recognition of sequencing, selection and repetition within data and recognizing primitive data types.
LOADER
Part of OS.
Responsible for loading programs into memory, preparing for execution and then execute them.
LINKER
Program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into single executable program.
ARRAY
A homogeneous collection of data.
Elements in array are stored on consecutive memory locations.
POINTER
Reference of data element which allows it to be retrieved without further search.
INTERNAL SORTING
All data to sort are stored in memory at all times while sorting is in progress.
EXTERNAL SORTING
Data are stored outside only loaded into memory in small amounts.
Is applied when all data cannot fit into memory entirely.
Library Program
Pre written program for immediate use.
Stored in compile format.
Included by programmer within one or more program.
ITERATION
One part of program can be repeated or iteratedlimit number of times
RECURSION uses iteration.
Packaged software
Refers as off the shelf.
Pre built software designed and developed by third party vendors for wide range of customers.
Ex: Microsoft Office, adobe photoshop, quickbooks
INHOUSE APPLICATION/Bespoke
Custom built in software applications by organisation’s internal development team to meet specific business needs.
Ex: banks,insurance companies, government agencies have their software tailored.
INFORMATION
Data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful.
DATA
Are facts & figures or information that is stored or processed by a computer.
DATA VERIFICATION
Used to check that the user has entered data without making mistakes.
Can be check visually or by double entry.
DATA VALIDATION
Check accuracy and quality of source data before using,importing, or processing data.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Manage and operate hardware to provide a platform for operation of application software.
Example: operating system, file management.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Perform specific series of tasks to benefit end users.
Example: word processor, spreadsheet.
FLAT FILE
A single table where each row known as record and each column known as field.
Internal Memory
Refer as main memory,volatile,directly accessible to CPU. Store program instructions.
Example:RAM, Cache memory
External Memory
Refer as secondary memory, non volatile, not directly accessible to CPU.
Store data and program not currently use by computer.
Example: HDD,SSD,CD/DVD,USB drives,memory card.
Batch Processing
Keep all transactions
Process them into batch.
Used with payroll systems.
Master file updated periodically to reflect all transactions occurred given time.
Online & real time system
Data captured electronically checked,verified & processed.
Real time system always need informations on master file be current.
Sequential Programming
Program states exact order in which processes are to be executed.
More common,easier to learn.
Parallel Programming
Multiple tasks executing at same time.
Is difficult as working out whether a group of parallel tasks have all finished can be problematic.
Queue
Is linear data structure
First in First out( FIFO)
Queue has beginning and end called front and back of the queue.
Data enters queue at one end and leaves at other end.
Stack
Is linear data structure
Last In First Out (LIFO)
Stores data in a way that last piece of data stored is First one retrieved.
Flat File
A single table where each row known as records and each columns known as fields.
Truncation
Process of limiting the number of digit to the right decimal point.
4 types of software methodologies
Waterfall
Rapid Development Application
Scrum
Paired programming
Encryption
Encoding information so that it is unreadable.
Requires use of an algorithm know as cipher.
Debugging
Process of finding and reducing number of bugs or defects in computer system making it behave as expected.
Debugging Approaches
Brute force
Back tracking
Cause elimination.
Algorithms used for sorting an array
Bubble sort
Insertion sort
Quick sort
Selection
A section of code is run only if condition is met. Selection is the process of making decision, determine which path program will take next.
Execute selectively using if-else or if-then else statements.
Inputs
Data entered by programmer or digitally.
Inputs stored as variables and used to run program.
Outputs
Functional Requirements
Software performs required functions,meets specific needs of users.
Non Functional Requirements
Meets quality attributes are important to stakeholders, such as performance, security, and usability.
Repetition
Refers as loops
Set of instructions is repeated a set number of times
Local Storage
Stores files on physical server equipment such as flash memory or hard disk drives.
2 reasons to use peusdo code
Statemenr is written in simple english
Helps programmer develop algorithms.
Flowchart
diagram that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting lines and a set of conventional symbols
