Short Term Memory Flashcards
Contrast the role of attention vs encoding in Atkinson-Shiffrein’s multi-store modal model.
Attention moves items from sensory memory to short-term memory. Encoding allows short-term memory to transition into long-term memory.
What process helps memory stay in memory for the short term?
Maintenance rehearsal
What is iconic vs echoic memory?
Types of sensory memory, specifically visual and auditory memory that are stored in different places.
How did Sperling’s Sensory store information experiment disprove the notion that we could only hold 3-4 items in iconic memory?
(Note that we can keep track of 3-4 items in visual attention)
Trained Ps to read top line when high pitch tone played, bottom line when low pitch played, the experiment was that the tone played AFTER the image disappeared, meaning they must have remembered 76% of all three rows (9/12 numbers), in reality the capacity of iconic numbers is 9-12 items
What is the duration of iconic memory?
~150 ms
Why do English speakers have the highest digit span?
English words have lower syllables, it takes less time to say more words in English, short term memory is smaller for rhyming lists.
This means that information in STM is stored acoustically not visually.
What’s the difference between working and short term memory.
They are essentially the same, except that the working memory has an active processing component.
What are the three components of the Working Memory Model?
- Central executive
- Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
- Phonological Loop
What is the phonological loop?
Made up of the phonological store and the articulatory rehearsal process (a process that transcribed visual information to auditory/verbal code).
What is articulatory suppression?
Happens when we say something random out loud while trying to remember visual information. Because of this, nothing is available to transfer visual information into the phonological store. Reduces the phonological similarity effect and word length effect.
What is the central executive?
Does not have any storage capacity itself, but has attentional resources that can be shared among components. Regulated relevant and irrelevant information.
What is the operation span task? What does it predict?
Do simple math calculations and remember words at the same time. Predictive of IQ, SAT score, etc.
Baddeley’s WM model integrated what into the cognitive model that integrated information from different modalities into the complete memory.
Episodic Buffer (binds info from WM to LTM)
What makes Cowan’s WM Model different?
Calls memory one system, essentially sees memory as a spotlight. WM is a part of LTM that we’re paying attention to. (4 things)
