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Chapter 2 - The Origins Of The French Revolution > Short Term causes - Political Crisis > Flashcards

Short Term causes - Political Crisis Flashcards

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1
Q

Who replaced Calonne?

A

One of the Notables - Loménie de Brienne

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2
Q

Where was Loménie de Brienne Archbishop?

A

Toulouse

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3
Q

Who became head of the judiciary?

A

Another Notable - Lamoignon

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4
Q

What was Lamoignon president of?

A

The Parlement of Paris

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5
Q

Did the Assembly of Notables prove to be more cooperative with Brienne that it had been with Calonne?

A

No

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6
Q

What did Brienne retain?

A

Calonne’s land tax

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7
Q

What did Brienne introduce?

A

A number of reforms following on from Necker’s earlier plans

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8
Q

What were Brienne’s 6 plans?

A 
End to venal offices
New central treasury
Laws codified in a printed form 
Educational reform
Religious toleration
Army reform
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9
Q

Why did Brienne want laws codified in a printed form?

A

So they were accessible to those who needed to consult them

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10
Q

What did Brienne want to make the army through his reforms?

A

More efficient and less expensive

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11
Q

Who did Brienne initially present his reforms, including a new land tax, to for registration?

A

The Assembly of Notables

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12
Q

Why did the Assembly of Notables refuse to register the reforms?

A

They said that only the Estates-General could consent to any laws

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13
Q

Why could only the Estates-General consent to laws?

A

They represented the whole nation and the approval of the whole French nation was needed for such changes

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14
Q

What was Louis’ reaction to the Assembly of Notable’s refusal to register the reforms?

A

To dissolve the Assembly

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15
Q

Once in power, what did Brienne succeed in making the Parlement of Paris register?

A

Laws dealing with free internal trade
Establishment of provincial assemblies
Redemption of the corvée

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16
Q

Who did Brienne take revised proposals, including a new land tax, to?

A

The Assembly of Notables

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17
Q

Once dissolving the Assembly of Notables, who did Louis present the reforms to?

A

Paris Parlement

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18
Q

What did the Parlement refuse to register?

A

Edicts on the stamp duty

The proposed new general land-tax

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19
Q

After the Parlement of Paris refused to register edicts on the stamp duty and the new general land-tax, what did Brienne persuade Louis to hold?

A

A lit de justice to force through Brienne’s tax reforms

20
Q

What was a lit de justice?

A

A formal session of parlement during which the monarch could forcibly register a law overrding the parlement’s objections

21
Q

To crush the opposition to the lit de justice, what did Louis do to the Parlement of Paris?

A

Exiled them to Troyes on 15th August 1787

22
Q

Why did the Nobility revolt in response to the exile of the Parlement of Paris to Troyes?

A

They considered Louis’ action to be heavy-handed

23
Q

When did the Nobility revolt in response to the exile of the Parlement of Paris to Troyes?

A

Summer 1788

24
Q

What did the revolt of the Nobility in response to the exile of the Parlement of Paris to Troyes prove to be?

A

The most violent opposition the government had faced

25
Q

Which provincial capitals where the parlements met were there riots?

A

Rennes in Brittany

Grenoble in Dauphine

26
Q

In all parts of the country, where did Nobles and Clergy meet to discuss how to defend the power of the parlements?

A

Unauthorised assemblies

27
Q

Did the unauthorised assemblies gain popular support?

A

Yes

28
Q

What was the significance of the clergy joining on the side of the parlements?

A

They were breaking their long tradition of loyalty to the Crown

29
Q

How did the clergy condemn the reforms?

A

By voting a don gratuit (a voluntary contribution to royal finances) of less than a quarter size requested by the Crown

30
Q

Although the opposition was fragmented and dispersed, why did it continue?

A

The collapse of the government’s finances

31
Q

When was the royal treasury empty?

A

Beginning of August 1788

32
Q

When did Brienne agree, with Louis’ reluctant approval, to summon the Estates-General for?

A

1st May 1789

33
Q

When did Brienne suspend all interest payments from the royal treasury on loans made to the state?

A

16th August 1788

34
Q

What did this suspension on all interest payments from the royal treasury on loans made to the state acknowledge?

A

The Crown was bankrupt

35
Q

When did Brienne resign as finance minister?

A

25th August 1788

36
Q

When was Louis forced to back down and allow the Paris Parlement to return?

A

September 1788

37
Q

Who was Louis forced to reappoint following the resignations of Brienne and Lamoignon?

A

Necker

38
Q

Why did Louis reappoint Necker?

A

He believed it would lead to financial reform because he viewed Necker as the only one who could restore the government’s credit and raise loans

39
Q

What did Necker abandon?

A

His predecessor’s reform plans

40
Q

Despite indicating that he would try to raise new loans, what did Necker state he would do nothing until?

A

The Estates-General had met

41
Q

What had the crisis highlighted?

A

Limitations of royal power

42
Q

How had the crisis shown the limitations of royal power?

A

Although Louis was in effect an absolute ruler, in reality he was unable to impose his government’s reforms on the State

43
Q

What detected the clear signs of weakness in the Crown?

A

The forces of opposition

44
Q

What did the failure to secure reform contribute to?

A

A paralysis of the government

45
Q

The failure to secure reform was very significant in the short term, particularly when linked to what?

A

The economic crisis

Chapter 2 - The Origins Of The French Revolution (11 decks)

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