Short Term answers Flashcards
Understanding the terms that are significant to Naval History
1
Q
Treaty of Ghent
A
- British and American Representatives
- Ended the War of 1812
- Signed on December 24
- Signed in Ghent, Belgium
- Treaty was signed to acknowledge the end of the war without sacrificing honor, territory or rights
2
Q
Great Power System
A
- Early 17th Century Navies established this
- A system to establish what was a (first-rate) power
- 17th Century
- Europe
- Used to recognize who the Great Power was and that other countries had to acknowledge them
3
Q
Security Dilemma
A
-
4
Q
Mercantilism
A
- Britain & France
- Idea that promoted protection of a countries assets
- 16th-18th centuries
- Europe
- Promoted policies and tariffs that would boost the country’s economy
5
Q
Guerre de Course
A
- France developed this
- Strategy that French would use
- Late 1600’s (1688)
- France (other countries would soon adopt this)
- Because of advanced enemies this was used to attack English and Dutch merchant ships
6
Q
Guerre d’Escadre
A
- Dutch
- Naval strategy
- First Anglo-Dutch Wars (1651)
- Used throughout Europe
- This strategy was more ship on ship/fleet engagements
7
Q
Anglo-Dutch Wars
A
- Dutch, Anglo-Saxons
- Wars fought over the economic conflicts at the time
- Mid to late 1600s
- European waters
- (1) A result of the Dutch replacing Portugal as the dominant traders in Asian, Baltic, and European waters
(2)
8
Q
Navigation Acts
A
-
9
Q
Line ahead Formation
A
- Anglo and Dutch
- Formation used to attack the enemy
- Used during the Anglo-Dutch wars
- European waters
- This tactic was used to support other ships while they attacked the enemy
10
Q
Ships of the Line
A
- Ships that were the head of the fleet
- 18th century
- Developed by the British
- These ships were made as the flagships and would be used to fight enemy squadrons and fleets
11
Q
Frigates
A
- Smaller class of warship
- 18th century
- Developed by the British
- Acting independently, these ships were fast in the various missions they carried out. Such as scouting, or carrying dispatches
12
Q
Unrated Warships
A
- Even smaller class of ship
- 18th century
- Developed by the British
- Having only 20 guns, these carried out even more missions and had shallower drafts
13
Q
Privateering
A
Established by the government, this type of warfare would be aimed at the commerce of the enemy. While weakening the enemies economy, the harassment would also be effective
14
Q
William Pitt
A
- Britain wartime Prime Minister
- 1708-1778
- Lived in Britain
- Believed Britain’s future was in it’s overseas empires and pushed for expansion past Britain
15
Q
Stamp Act
A
- Tax act imposed on the American colonies to help pay for the French and Indian War
- 1765
- One of the acts that would spark the American Revolution
16
Q
Sugar Act
A
- Tax act imposed on the American colonies to help pay for the French and Indian War
- 1764
- One of the acts that would spark the American Revolution
17
Q
Declaratory Act
A
- British hardening their stance on their ability to tax the American colonists
- asserting Britain’s authority to make laws binding the colonists “in all cases whatsoever” including the right to tax
18
Q
Esek Hopkins
A
- First Commodore (CINC) of the Continental Navy
- 1718-1802
- Rhode Island native; sailed to Bahamas after finding a loophole in his orders
- Because of Esek Hopkins disobedience, the push for a “national” navy was ceased
19
Q
Samuel Nicholas
A
- First commissioned officer in USMC
- Considered to be the first CMC
- Recruited marines at Tun Tavern (Philly)
20
Q
Battle of Nassau
A
- the first successful landing by Continental Marines
- led to the capture of Nassau (March 1776)
- Naval operation and amphibious assault
21
Q
Benedict Arnold
A
- Commander of American forces in the Lake Champlain area
- Battle of Valcour Island (Oct. 1776)
- Lake Champlain
- His defeat at Lake Champlain ultimately delayed the British’s advance in the area and helped with the American’s victory at Saratoga
22
Q
Guy Carleton
A
- Quebec Governor (British)
- Battle of Valcour Island (Oct. 1776)
- Lake Champlain
- Would push to invade New York and New England and would start at Lake Champlain
23
Q
Lake Champlain Arms Race
A
- Benedict Arnold
- Battle of Valcour Island
- Oct. 1776
- In an effort to stop British forces from invading NY and New England, Arnold would work over the summer to build “gundalows” and “galleys”
24
Q
Battle of Valcour Island
A
- Benedict Arnold & Guy Carleton
- Battle in Lake Champlain between American and British
- Oct. 11 1776
- Valcour Island in Lake Champlain
- Although it was a defeat for the Americans, the delay it caused allowed American forces to train and be ready for the British when they did come
25
Q
Battle of Saratoga
A
- British, America, France
- Battle that stopped British forces invading North
- Oct. 1777
- Saratoga
- The battle would show France’s recognition of America being able to take on the British and would act as allies
26
Q
VADM Charles Hector Comte d’Estaing
A
-
27
Q
John Paul Jones
A
- Captain of American Naval forces
- Best known in 1778-1779
- Sailed many campaigns all across Europe harassing British Forces
- JPJ was a fighter who took the fight to Britain and established the fighting spirit of America and its Navy
28
Q
Whitehaven Raid
A
- John Paul Jones
- A raid that Jones led to continue harassment of British shipping
- Early 1778
- Whitehaven, England
- Jones and his men spiked British guns at a fort and set fire to the ships to suppress British commerce
29
Q
Battle of Flamborough Head
A
- John Paul Jones, captain of the USS Bonhomme Richard
- Battle between two known naval ships
- Summer 1779
- Flamborough Head, off the coast of the UK
- This battle resulted from Jones waiting for the Serapis since it was guiding a convoy. The defeat of the Serapis would be known throughout France and the US
