Short Answers Due February 5 and 12 Flashcards
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Allowed for segregation in schools, restaurants, and other parts of society.
Libel
written defamation—The publication of false and malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation
slander
spoken defamation
Felon Exclusion Laws
Felon Exclusion laws are laws that prevent felons from having several rights as other citizens. One of the most argued right that is taken away is the felon’s right to vote.
What are Miranda Rights?
Miranda rights is what I consider the “cool” speech that an officer reads after attaining an individual that has been suspected and/or is going to be in custody. The Miranda Rights read as the following: ““You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you. Do you understand the rights I have just read to you? With these rights in mind, do you wish to speak to me?”
Bill of Rights and first amendment
The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Amendment I, gives Americans the freedom of religion, speech and the press; rights of assembly and petition. It also prohibits Congress to make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably to assemble and to petition to the government. The four areas of protection are: Freedom of Religion, Speech, Assembly, and Petition.
*the incorporation doctrine and the 14th amendment
The incorporation doctrine was created by the Supreme Court to make the Bill of Rights applicable to the states because in 1791, each state had its own Bill of rights. Therefore states can pass laws that can counter the Bill of Rights. In order to prevent a state government from passing a law that prohibits/acts against the Bill of Rights (Amendments) the 14th amendment was created.
The 14th amendment states:
No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action was introduced in 1965, it was introduced to ensure against employment discrimination, including the implementation of plans to increase the participation of minorities and women in the workplace. Affirmative action involves efforts to bring about increased employment, promotion or admission for members of groups who have suffered from discrimination.
Schenck v. U.S. (1919) and Dennis v U.S. (1951)
Schenck v. United States which occurred in 1919, ruled that people could be held in contempt for the things that they say when it could put other people in danger, such as “yelling fire in a crowded theater” (Long, p. 29).
Dennis v. United States similarly limited American’s freedom of speech by restricting what people say when it could directly harm others or the government.
Both cases impose limits to American free speech rights in a number of ways.
Civil Liberties
Is the constitutional and other legal protections against government actions. Our civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights.
Civil rights
policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
recent application of the Bill of Rights’ freedoms to the states
It was not until the Civil War Amendments of 1868 in which the 14th Amendment was ratified that states could not deprive citizens of life, liberty, and property without due process.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The 1954 Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education later reversed this decision in the case of schools. According to the decision, segregation in schools violated people’s fourteenth amendment which outlined equal protection. Besides ending segregation in schools, Edwards states that “the case marked the end of legal segregation in the United States
