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short answers Flashcards

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1
Q

briefly outline puja in the home

A
  • meditation
  • yoga
  • puja: making offerings, flowers to represent impermanence
  • mala: prayer beads
  • mandala: representation of the cosmos, used for meditation
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2
Q

explain how puja in the home reflects the principal teachings of buddhism

A
  • impermanence: marks of existence
  • gratitude
  • reflection
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3
Q

to what extent does an understanding of the marks of existence provide meaning to adherents

A
  • three marks of existence: dukkha (suffering), anatta (absense of self or soul), annica (impermanence)
  • allows adherents to accept death and suffering
  • acknowledging suffering allows them to achieve nirvana (main goal of buddhism)
  • encompass all aspects of life
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4
Q

outline the principal events of the buddhas life that lead to enlightenment

A
  • birth of the buddha - born into a royal family
  • predicted at birth that he would either be a great king or great religious leader
  • he had everything but he was locked away
  • he escaped and saw the four sights: old man, a sick man, a dead man and a holy man
  • tried to live on only a grain of rice which didnt work because you need to avoid extremes
  • achieved enlightenment under a bodhi tree when he gained sight of all his past lives
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5
Q

explain why the buddha is the model of buddhist life

A
  • ability to see truth: fought demons the night of his enlightenment
  • chose truth over luxury: chose to go out into the world
  • wisdom and insight: four sights made him decide to explain suffering
  • self control: avoiding extremes
  • inclusivity: wants people to use buddhism as a tool not an exclusive group
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6
Q

outline the buddhist concept of nirvana

A

state of no suffering, desire or sense of self, resulting from enlightenment

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7
Q

explain the importance of the first and second buddhist councils on the development of buddhism

A
  • first council: held right after the buddha’s death to discuss how buddhism would be taught.
  • second council: held 100 years after his death, to discuss the buddhist practices and norms
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8
Q

briefly outline the contents of the tripitaka

A
  1. collection of buddha’s sermons and instructions for monastic discipline
    - sutras: texts containing the words of buddha
    - three parts of the tripitaka:
    • vinaya pitaka: monastic rules
    • sutta pitaka: buddhas sermons written down
    • abhidharmapitaka: philosophical commentaries on the buddhas sermons
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9
Q

describe how the tripitaka provides meaning for buddhists

A
  • how to achieve enlightenment by living like and doing the actions of the buddha
  • ethical and moral teachings
  • guide on how to live
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10
Q

briefly outline the types of christian prayer

A
  • prayer to worship: god, jesus, holy spirit or saints
  • prayer to have a conversation
  • prayer to ask for help or guidance
  • meditation
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11
Q

explain how prayer reflects the teachings of christianity

A
  • devotion to the trinity and their divine nature
  • belief that god will have mercy on us
  • asking what is right and wrong
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12
Q

to what extent does an understanding of the death and resurrection of jesus provide meaning for adherents

A
  • central beliefs and foundation
  • the death of jesus means sins are forgiven
  • confirms the truth of scripture
  • shows the immense power of god
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13
Q

outline the principal events of jesus’ life

A
  • birth of the virgin mary
    • baptism by john the baptist
    • healing the sick, blind and lepers
    • teaching, sermon on the mount + the beatitudes and commandment to love
    • death, resurrection and ascension
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14
Q

explain why jesus is the model of christian life

A
  • shows discipleship to god and encourages people to be his disciples and follow him
  • embodies the commandment to love and the ethical teachings
  • teaches the significance of love and compassion
  • talks about the importance of prayer and a relationship with god
  • encourages adherents to speak their truth and spread the word of god even if it is hard
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15
Q

briefly outline the contents of the bible

A

has long been the most available, familiar, and dependable source and of intellectual, moral, and spiritual ideals

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16
Q

how significant is the role of revelation in christianity

A
  • god revealed himself through jesus, his teachings and scripture
  • essential to the morality and purpose of christians
  • shows how to live like jesus and how to go to heaven
17
Q

briefly outline the five pillars of faith

A
  • shahada (confession of faith)
    1. “there is no god but the God and Muhammad is his messenger”
      1. salat (prayer 5x a day)
    2. prayers from dawn to sunrise facing mecca (ka’ba)
    3. symbolises submission to God
    4. important for stress and allows for meditation
    5. requirement for adult men to attend mosque of friday afternoons
      1. zakat (almsgiving)
    6. 2.5% of annual savings
    7. reminder that everything given to people was by God and they should not be attached to their wealth and possessions
      1. sawm (fasting for ramadan)
    8. exempt if your are on your period, pregnant or breastfeeding, very young, very old or sick
    9. no eating, drinking or sex between sunrise and sunset
    10. islam follows a lunar calendar so ramadan changes every year
      1. hajj (pilgrimage to mecca)
    11. all men wear two pieces of white cloth no matter how rich or poor to promote equality
    12. once inside the sacred mosque at mecca a pilgrim must walk around (circumambulate) the ka’ba seven times
    13. they collect pebbles on their journey to throw at pillars that represent satan
18
Q

explain how the five pillars reflect the principal beliefs of islam

A
  • all beliefs point to submission and the pillars show submission
  • how believers demonstrate beliefs
  • shahada, salat and sawm reflect devotion to allah and only one god (tahwid)
  • zakat shows giving to the community like muhammad did
  • hajj is so that sins can be forgiven so they can go to jannah demonstrate al-akhira
19
Q

to what extent does an understanding of akhira (life after death) provide meaning for adherents

A
  • goal in life
  • meaning to do good in the world
  • death isn’t the end
20
Q

outline the principal events of muhammad’s life

A
  • night of power: received his first revelation from allah
  • he began preaching making the leaders of mecca angry so he left to madinah
  • there was a war in makkah between muhammed and a tribe and muhammad won
  • he smashed all the statues in the ka’ba to show devotion to only one god
21
Q

explain why muhammad is the model for muslim life

A
  • first person to submit to allah
  • devotion to allah allowed him to be a good person
  • people can learn from his actions
22
Q

explain the development of islam after muhammad under the four rightly guided caliphs

A
  1. abu bakr (632-634 CE)
    1. together with muhammad’s wife created the hadith
  2. umar (634-644 CE)
    1. organised an army
    2. was stabbed
  3. uthman (644-656)
    1. encouraged the expansion of islam into africa and asia
  4. ali (656-661)
    1. assassinated
    2. believed caliphs should be descendants of muhammed
23
Q

describe how the hadith provides meaning for muslims

A
  • religious and moral guidance
  • allow people to understand muhammad and what he did so they can use him as a guide

junior religion (4 decks)

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