Short Answer Questions Flashcards
What are the 5 dimensions of Sunni Islam?
Legal Schools (Malik, Hanafi, Shafi’i, Hanbali)
Theological Schools (Ash’ari, Maturidi, Hadith scholars, [Mu’tazila]
Sufi orders - too many to name
Hadith Canon
Ideal of the Caliphate
What are God’s seven eternal attributes according to Ash’aris?
Knowledge Power Will Speech Life Hearing Sight
Who are the 4 greatest men after Muhammad according to most Sunni’s? Is there an order?
- Abu Bakr
- ‘Umar
- ‘Uthman
- ‘Ali
“Their excellence is in this order”
What are the 5 primary sources for Islamic Law?
Qur'an Sunna Opinions of early Muslim authorities Consensus Analogical reasoning
Where in the world are the Imami Shi’a found?
The Twelvers - approx. 88% of Shi'a and are found in: Iran Southern Iraq Lebanon Pakistan Bahrain
What is Islamic Feminism? What sources do they study and reinterpret?
They critique aspects of Islamic history on behalf of all Muslim women. They seek justice and equal citizenship for women within the religious traditions.
They study the Qur’an, Hadiths, and early history
Which 3 European countries colonized most Muslim-majority countries and name one each colonized
England - India and Egypt
France - Algeria and Morocco
Netherlands - Indonesia
What are four tensions that arose in many Muslim countries in the wake of European colonialism?
- Westernized elites vs. Traditional elites
- State regulation of Islam
- Elimination of traditional artisans
- Massive military and police forces
What made Ayatollah Khomeini’s concept of “Rule of the Expert Jurist” such a radical idea in the Imami Shi’i tradition?
Previous religious scholars never wanted or advocated for political rulers….Proclaimed that the monarch was UNJUST and that Muslim legal scholars should not only be in politics but should rule!
Why were many Muslim scholars opposed to the partition of India in the years leading up to 1947?
Muslim League speech “Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and a final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state”
What are two major Muslim movements in Indonesia and how do they differ?
Muhammadiyah - reaction to Dutch colonizers, strong focus on Hadith, liberal use of itjihad, generally shuns politics
Nahdlatul Ulama - “The Awakening of Religious Scholars” stresses taqlid of master scholars; embraces Sufism and visiting ancestors tombs; engaged in politics
What are 3 major orientations of Sunni American Muslims according to Dr. Sherman Jackson? How does each one approach the classical Islamic tradition?
- Liberals/progressives - look at classical tradition before legal schools as a problem
- Modern Islamic movements - classical traditions are irrelevant. Can look at the Qu’ran and Hadiths independently
- Modern Islamic tradition - Neotraditionalism; tradition as a resource for helping Muslims live with authentic tradition today and avoiding secular fads
What are 3 unorthodox Muslim organizations that introduced Islam to the African-American community in the 20th Century?
Moorish Science Temple founded by Timothy Drew - blacks are of Moorish ancestry and an emphasis on economic self-sufficiency
Ahmadiyya - from teachings of Ahmad who claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies about the world reformer at the end of time
Nation of Islam - known popularly as the Black Muslims and founded by Elijah Muhammad; promoted black separatism and the Islamic religion - Allah was black and the white man was the devil
According to the documentary Inside Islam, what percentage of Muslims felt that he terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 were entirely justified? What reasons did they give for this opinion and how do the experts in the film explain it?
7% believed the attacks were justified
There were no real good reasons given, and there were no Qur’anic verses given in support as evidence of justification.
Explanation given for opinion was the desire by people to see attention and try to become leaders in their communities through actions/speaking out
