Short Answer - Logic

Question 1

Straw Man

Answer 1

Fallacy of Language.
Refuting an unfairly weak, stupid, or ridiculous version of your opponent’s idea instead of the more reasonable idea he actually holds.

Question 2

Ad Hominem

Answer 2

Fallacy of Diversion.
An argument or attack directed at the person instead of the issue.
Poisoning the well - discrediting source of information unreasonably.
Tu quoque - “you too” - you did something, so its ok
Genetic fallacy - instead of directing attention to reasons, draw attention to origin of ideas (usually religion, political affiliation)

Question 3

Non Sequitor

Answer 3

Fallacy of argumentation.
The conclusion does not follow from the premises (due to contents rather than logical form), although the conclusion may be true.
Argument does not prove / support conclusion

Question 4

Begging the Question

Answer 4

Fallacy of argumentation.

Assuming what you are supposed to be proving.

Question 5

Hasty Generalization

Answer 5

Fallacy of induction.

Concluding to a general principle from too few specific instances

Question 6

Reductionism

Answer 6

Metaphysical fallacy.

Reducing something complex into one of its more basic components

Question 7

Equivocation

Answer 7

Fallacy of Language.
Same term is used in two or more different senses in the course of an argument.
Ambiguity.