Matching / terms / definitions - Logic

Question 1

Amphiboly

Answer 1

Ambiguity arising from syntax (word order or grammatical structure)

Question 2

Accent

Answer 2

Ambiguity arising from voice inflection

Question 3

Slanting

Answer 3

Assuming the value or disvalue of a thing in the very description of it

Question 4

Slogans

Answer 4

use of a slogan as a substitute for an argument

Question 5

Hyperbole

Answer 5

Exaggeration. Commonly the absurd extension of the other person’s claim

Question 6

Straw Man

Answer 6

Refuting an unfairly weak, stupid, or ridiculous version of your opponent’s argument instead of the more reasonable idea he actually holds

Question 7

Ad Hominem

Answer 7

An argument or attack directed at the person instead of the issue

Question 8

Ad Verecundiam

Answer 8

The illegitimate appeal to authority instead of reason

Question 9

Ad Baculum

Answer 9

Appeal to force or fear instead of reason

Question 10

Ad Ignominiam

Answer 10

Appeal to shame instead of reason

Question 11

Ad Populum

Answer 11

Appeal to common opinion

Question 12

Ad Ignorantiam

Answer 12

Appeal to ignorance.

Assumes argument is true because it has not been proven false

Question 13

Dicto Simpliciter

Answer 13

Saying something too simply - that is, applying a general principle to a special case without the necessary qualification

Question 14

Special Case

Answer 14

Opposite of Dicto Simpliciter - arguing that something is simply true because it is true in some special case - treating a special case as if it were a general rule

Question 15

Composition

Answer 15

Arguing from the part to the whole, ignoring the fact that what is true of a part might not be true of the whole

Question 16

Division

Answer 16

Opposite of composition - arguing from the whole to the part, ignoring the fact that what is true of the whole might not be true of every part

Question 17

The Black and White Fallacy

Answer 17

Arguing from one extreme to the other without allowing for gradations or means between the extremes

Question 18

Quoting out of Context

Answer 18

Quoting out of context, either real or literary

Question 19

Stereotyping

Answer 19

Failing to make room for exceptions to artificial, socially - constructed, changeable generalizations

Question 20

Non Sequitor

Answer 20

The conclusion does not follow from the premises (due to its contents rather than logical form)

Question 21

Ignoratio Elenchi

Answer 21

Giving reasons that prove a different conclusion than the argument purports to prove (irrelevant conclusion, missing the point)

Question 22

Begging the Question

Answer 22

Assuming what you are supposed to be proving

Question 23

Complex Question

Answer 23

Asking a question that cannot be answered without begging another question

Question 24

Arguing in a Circle

Answer 24

Using a conclusion to justify a premise after using that premise to justify that conclusion

Question 25

Contradictory Premises

Answer 25

2 premises contradicting each other, a premise contradicting a conclusion, a premise contradicting itself

Question 26

False Assumption

Answer 26

Making a false assumption about what is implied by a statement

Question 27

Hasty Generalization

Answer 27

Concluding to a general principle from too few specific instances

Question 28

Post Hoc

Answer 28

After this therefore on account of this.

Arguing that one thing is caused by another simply because it came after the other

Question 29

Hypothesis Contrary to Fact

Answer 29

If only X were true (which it isn’t), then Y would be true

Question 30

False Analogy

Answer 30

Using an analogy to try to prove anything

Question 31

Argument from Silence

Answer 31

Arguing that someone did not do or think something because they never mentioned it

Question 32

Selective Evidence

Answer 32

Referring only to the evidence that supports your thesis and ignoring the evidence that undermines it

Question 33

Slanting the Question

Answer 33

Asking a question in a way that pushes a certain answer

Question 34

Equivocation

Answer 34

The same term is used in two or more different senses in the course of an argument

Question 35

Ad Misericordiam

Answer 35

Appeal to pity instead of reason