Short Answer Examples Flashcards
Define both kinds of theory and hypothesis
Theory 1: Unsupported or untested theory. IE Flat Earth Theory 2: Well supported or tested theory IE: gravity. Hypothesis: A prediction of cause and effect for a phenomena IE: IF x then y.
Common Ancestry accounts for most similarities, adaptive modifications account for most differences.
Specific synapomorphs in a unique common ancestor are present in the descendants of that unique common ancestor. For instance, germ layers give rise to the gut track in most metazoa. In the ancestors of all animals with germ layers existed the first organism to exhibit that trait. Adaptive modifications account for most differences. Fish have pharyngeal slits, but humans only display this trait in utero, as the ancestors of hominids adapted out of a need for that trait, but still express a vestigial form in utero.
You cannot prove a theory, only disprove it.
When testing a theory, you can only provide evidence for a theory not “prove” it. Evidence can be provided for a phenomena, but there may be other mechanisms or other explanations not accounted for. However, you can disprove a theory by consistently providing evidence to the contrary of that explanation, in the example of flat earth, the 24 hour sun in the arctic and antarctic provide evidence of angles of insolations and round earth, and disprove flat earth.
Define Endoderm, Ectoderm, and Mesoderm - what does each give rise to?
Endoderm is the inner germ layer that is formed by the blastopore invagination during embryo development. The endoderm gives rise to the digestive tract and some of the internal organs.
Mesoderm is the middle germ layer that is formed during embryo development. The mesoderm gives rise to the skeleton, muscles, blood, and dermis.
The Ectoderm is the outer germ layer that is formed by the outer shell of the blastopore during embryo development. It gives rise to epidermis, nervous system, and endocrine system.
3 characteristics of protozoa?
3 characteristics of porifera?
Protozoa: single, multiple, or colonial; cilia, flagella, or psuedopodia for movement, autotrophic or heterotrophic
Porifera: pores, spicules or spongin, gemmules for reproduction
Common Name for calcarea, demospongiae, hexactinellida
ocean sponge, bath sponge, six rayed sponge
Define animal (technical and coloquial)
an homologous lineage of heterotrophic, multicellular organisms within the opistikonts
multicellular organisms that can move, feed, and react to their environment
