Short Answer Flashcards
STATE the ultimate source of energy for life on earth
The Sun
DESCRIBE the role of light in photosynthesis
Light is absorbed by the thylakoids of the chloroplast, which combines with H2O, ADP, and NADP+ to create O2, ATP and NADPH.
STATE why plants are green
The chlorophyll in the leaf of the plant absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light, making them appear green
STATE the role of producers on this planet
Producers conduct photosynthesis, which converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen to sugar.
COMPARE oxidation and reduction (remember OIL RIG)
Oxidation is when an electron is lost. Reduction is when an electron is gained.
EXPLAIN the structure of and roles of the thylakoid membrane & the stroma in photosynthesis
The thylakoid membrane is the site of the light reactions in photosynthesis and the stroma is the site of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis.
EXPLAIN the cristae, intermembrane space and the matrix in cellular respiration.
The cristae are the primary location of oxidative phosphorylation takes place. The intermembrane space is where hydrogen is pumped is pumped into during oxidative phosphorylation. The matrix is where the link reaction and citric acid cycle take place.
IDENTIFY the jobs of the mesophyll, vascular tissue and the stomata
The mesophyll obtains nutrients for the leaf. The vascular tissue is the “vein” of the leaf. The stomata collects water for the plant.
STATE the location of the light dependent reactions
Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
STATE the reactants and products of the light dependent reactions
O2 and glucose is given off; ADP and NADP+ are turned into ATP and NADPH
EXPLAIN the role of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis
In the light reactions, ADP and NADP+ are converted to ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle takes that ATP and NADPH and turns them into ADP and NADP+.
DESCRIBE the cyclic pathway for the light dependent reactions and why it occurs
Electrons from only one photosystem go to a primary electron acceptor, where it travels down an electron transport chain (this creates ATP) that leads back to the same photosystem. This occurs when the Calvin Cycle uses more ATP than NADPH.
STATE the location of the Calvin Cycle
The stroma of the chloroplast
STATE the reactants and products of the Calvin Cycle
For each cycle, the Calvin Cycle used 9 ATP and 6 NADPH. It produces glucose, ATP, and NADPH.
STATE why C4 and CAM photosynthesis happen
They occur when O2 builds up in the leaf as a result of the stomata closing.
LIST the four stages of aerobic cell respiration in order
Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
STATE the location of each stage of cell respiration
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Link reaction occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Oxidative Phosphorylation takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria.
STATE the amount of ATP produced in each stage of cell respiration
Glycolysis makes 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. The Link Reaction makes 0 ATP per molecule of glucose. The Citric Acid Cycle makes 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. Oxidative Phosphorylation makes 34 ATP per molecule of glucose.
STATE the reactants and products from each step of cell respiration
In glycolysis, we start with glucose, which is split into two pyruvate. In the link reaction, we start with two pyruvate and end with two Acetyl CoA. In the Citric Acid Cycle, we start with two Acetyl CoA and end with ATP. In Oxidative Phosphorylation, we start with NADH, FADH2, O2, and ADP, and end with 32-34 ATP, H2O, NAD+, AND FAD++
LIST the two types of phosphorylation that produce ATP is during cell respiration
Substrate-level and Oxidative Phosphorylation
STATE how many ATP are produced via each method
Substrate-level Phosphorylation makes 4 ATP, while Oxidative Phosphorylation makes 34 ATP.
STATE the final electron acceptor in cell respiration
Oxygen
IDENTIFY commercial uses for fermentation
Answers Will Vary (One Example: Baking Bread)
EXPLAIN how heterotrophs rely on autotrophs
Autotrophs make their own food. Heterotrophs eat other organisms to survive. If autotrophs did not exist, heterotrophs would not exist because then, the heterotrophs would have to eat other heterotrophs, but those heterotrophs would not be living because they wouldn’t be able to get energy.
