Short Answer

Question 1

STATE the ultimate source of energy for life on earth

Answer 1

The Sun

Question 2

DESCRIBE the role of light in photosynthesis

Answer 2

Light is absorbed by the thylakoids of the chloroplast, which combines with H2O, ADP, and NADP+ to create O2, ATP and NADPH.

Question 3

STATE why plants are green

Answer 3

The chlorophyll in the leaf of the plant absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light, making them appear green

Question 4

STATE the role of producers on this planet

Answer 4

Producers conduct photosynthesis, which converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen to sugar.

Question 5

COMPARE oxidation and reduction (remember OIL RIG)

Answer 5

Oxidation is when an electron is lost. Reduction is when an electron is gained.

Question 6

EXPLAIN the structure of and roles of the thylakoid membrane & the stroma in photosynthesis

Answer 6

The thylakoid membrane is the site of the light reactions in photosynthesis and the stroma is the site of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis.

Question 7

EXPLAIN the cristae, intermembrane space and the matrix in cellular respiration.

Answer 7

The cristae are the primary location of oxidative phosphorylation takes place. The intermembrane space is where hydrogen is pumped is pumped into during oxidative phosphorylation. The matrix is where the link reaction and citric acid cycle take place.

Question 8

IDENTIFY the jobs of the mesophyll, vascular tissue and the stomata

Answer 8

The mesophyll obtains nutrients for the leaf. The vascular tissue is the “vein” of the leaf. The stomata collects water for the plant.

Question 9

STATE the location of the light dependent reactions

Answer 9

Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

Question 10

STATE the reactants and products of the light dependent reactions

Answer 10

O2 and glucose is given off; ADP and NADP+ are turned into ATP and NADPH

Question 11

EXPLAIN the role of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis

Answer 11

In the light reactions, ADP and NADP+ are converted to ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle takes that ATP and NADPH and turns them into ADP and NADP+.

Question 12

DESCRIBE the cyclic pathway for the light dependent reactions and why it occurs

Answer 12

Electrons from only one photosystem go to a primary electron acceptor, where it travels down an electron transport chain (this creates ATP) that leads back to the same photosystem. This occurs when the Calvin Cycle uses more ATP than NADPH.

Question 13

STATE the location of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 13

The stroma of the chloroplast

Question 14

STATE the reactants and products of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 14

For each cycle, the Calvin Cycle used 9 ATP and 6 NADPH. It produces glucose, ATP, and NADPH.

Question 15

STATE why C4 and CAM photosynthesis happen

Answer 15

They occur when O2 builds up in the leaf as a result of the stomata closing.

Question 16

LIST the four stages of aerobic cell respiration in order

Answer 16

Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 17

STATE the location of each stage of cell respiration

Answer 17

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Link reaction occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Oxidative Phosphorylation takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria.

Question 18

STATE the amount of ATP produced in each stage of cell respiration

Answer 18

Glycolysis makes 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. The Link Reaction makes 0 ATP per molecule of glucose. The Citric Acid Cycle makes 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. Oxidative Phosphorylation makes 34 ATP per molecule of glucose.

Question 19

STATE the reactants and products from each step of cell respiration

Answer 19

In glycolysis, we start with glucose, which is split into two pyruvate. In the link reaction, we start with two pyruvate and end with two Acetyl CoA. In the Citric Acid Cycle, we start with two Acetyl CoA and end with ATP. In Oxidative Phosphorylation, we start with NADH, FADH2, O2, and ADP, and end with 32-34 ATP, H2O, NAD+, AND FAD++

Question 20

LIST the two types of phosphorylation that produce ATP is during cell respiration

Answer 20

Substrate-level and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 21

STATE how many ATP are produced via each method

Answer 21

Substrate-level Phosphorylation makes 4 ATP, while Oxidative Phosphorylation makes 34 ATP.

Question 22

STATE the final electron acceptor in cell respiration

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

IDENTIFY commercial uses for fermentation

Answer 23

Answers Will Vary (One Example: Baking Bread)

Question 24

EXPLAIN how heterotrophs rely on autotrophs

Answer 24

Autotrophs make their own food. Heterotrophs eat other organisms to survive. If autotrophs did not exist, heterotrophs would not exist because then, the heterotrophs would have to eat other heterotrophs, but those heterotrophs would not be living because they wouldn’t be able to get energy.

Question 25

EXPLAIN why glycolysis is considered to be the most ancient metabolic process

Answer 25

Glycolysis is considered an ancient process because prokaryotic cells (organic molecules) were the first to undergo this process. It is an inherited process from our ancestor cells. It can be used with no oxygen, or oxygen. Before, when the atmosphere did not have any oxygen, this was the only way to go through the metabolic process.

Question 26

EXPLAIN the role of NADH and FADH2 in cell respiration

Answer 26

NADH and FADH2 are the two electron carriers in cellular respiration. NADH/NAD+ are responsible for 3 ATP. FADH2/FAD++ are responsible for 2 ATP.

Question 27

• COMPARE the three types of phosphorylation.

Answer 27

Photophosphorylation is the productions of ATP by chemiosmosis during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Substrate level phosphorylation is the formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP. Oxidative Phosphorylation is the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.