short answer Flashcards
angles and shots
images, illustrations, photos
low/high/eye-level and extreme close up/close up/ mid/ long/ full/ establishing
body language and facial expressions
images, illustrations, photos
how and where a figure stands/facial expression can tell us a lot about their emotional or mental state
and their relationships with others
chiaroscuro
images, illustrations, photos
use of shading, light and dark to emphasise difference and to create form and mood
compositional axes, vertical axis - left side
images, illustrations, photos
given - elements of an image are known/understoof by the viewer, making these elements a familiar and agreed-upon departure point for the message
compositional axes, vertical axis - right side
images, illustrations, photos
new - elements of an image placed here are representations of what is not yet known and thus crucial to the point of the message
contrast
images, illustrations, photos
arrangement t of opposing elements (light vs dark, large vs small, rough vs smooth)
to create interest, excitement, drama or emphasis
depth of hue
images, illustrations, photos
deep intense colours give value or strength
high value colours (intense)
images, illustrations, photos
optimistic
low-value colours
images, illustrations, photos
pessimistic
focal point, salient point
images, illustrations, photos
most important point in an image
gaze
images, illustrations, photos
where the figures in the image are looking, including the angle, intensity and expression of their look or gaze
hue/colour
images, illustrations, photos
warm or cool, primary or secondary, black or white or monochrome. various colours have symbolic meaning
layout or composition
images, illustrations, photos
the arrangement and choice of text and images can convey a particular message
e.g. putting a character in the centre of the page or at the edges will change the way we view them
lighting
images, illustrations, photos
how is lighting used in an image can be telling i.e. degree of brightness, direction of the source of light to indicate meaning to the reader
e.g. shadows could suggest something is hidden about a character, brights lights suggest a sense of hope
line
images, illustrations, photos
contour lines outline shame
gesture lines suggest movement
e.g. crosshatching, vertical, diagonal, curved, straight, zig-zag, thick, thin
modality
images, illustrations, photos
levels of reality - from realistic to idealised to abstract
low modality - image is not realistic
high modality - image is realistic
- use of colour, texture, light, shade give it high modality
- high degree of “truthfulness” or “credibility” may be ascribed to it
- other influences on modality - idealisation, decontextualisation, perspective
- modality occurs in degrees from lowest (least real or least/credible) to highest (most real/credible)
motion
images, illustrations, photos
always an illusion in a still image
impression of motion created by shadowing, unusual balance of figures, perspective and use of line
proximity
images, illustrations, photos
distance between subjects or objects in the image
alliteration
poems
repetition of consonant sounds in a series of words
allusion
poems
reference to well-known texts or figures
anaphora
poems
repetition of beginning words or phrases at the start of sentences or clauses
anthimeria
poem
using a different part of speech to act as another, such as a verb for a noun, or a noun for a verb, or an adjective as a verb etc.
e.g. he sang his didn’t, he dances his did
antithesis
poem
two opposite ideas put together to achieve a constrasting effect
aposiopesis
poems
when the speaker or writer breaks off abruptly and leaves the stamenet incomplete, as if the speaker is not willing to state what is present in his mind due to being overcome by passion, excitement or fear
apostrophe
poems
an address to a person absent, dead or an address to an abstract entity
e.g. “o…”
assonance
poems
the repitition of vowel sounds
vowels themselves may be different but the sound has to be the same
e.g. hear the mellow wedding bells
asyndeton
poems
omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence
cadence
poems
sequence of sounds achieving a rising and falling effect
momentary changes in rhythm and pitch - help set the rhythmic paces of a literary piece and can be heard obviously after a comma or semi-colon, or full-stop
