short answer Flashcards
Explain encoding and decoding and examples of each (i.e. thin-slicing and the research surrounding it)
Encoding: sending non-verbals cues
Facial encoding includes emotions and facial expressions or saying something with a specific tone of voice which could be decoded as sad, angry or disappointed etc…
Decoding: Receiving non-verbal cues
The PONS test (the short videos of the girl talking/moving her hands and feet) showed us our own decoding abilities.
To decode is to calculate the situation or try to see what the other person is sharing through their emotions and non-verbals.
Thin Slicing: Taking a quick 10 seconds snippet of something and decoding what it means.
“5 seconds is as accurate as 5 minutes”
Ex: sexual orientation, telephone operator performance, marriage success (as seen in example video we watched in class)
Explain the cultural value dimensions that are related to intercultural differences in nonverbal communication
Individualism vs Collectivism- i vs we, the difference between independence and interdependence
High vs Low Context- reading between the lines vs explicitness
Large vs Small Power Distance- chain of command vs equal power with those in authority
Monochromatic vs Polychromatic- one thing at a time/schedule vs flexible view of time
Masculinity vs Femininity- traditional vs fluid gender roles
Low vs High Uncertainty Avoidance- risk taking is okay vs avoiding conflict
· Be able to describe the nature vs. nurture debate and be familiar with some of the research on both sides including that surrounding blind/deaf individuals, infants, and twin studies
Some argue that nonverbals are inherited at birth (nature) while others believe that nonverbals are learned over time (nurture)
blind/deaf children are not able to learn nonverbals through visual or auditory cues
These children expressed signs of laughing, crying, smiling, surprise, anger, etc. similarly to sighted/hearing children
· Identify if we can improve our nonverbal skills with training and why improving nonverbal skills is beneficial
You can train and get better but they cannot all of a sudden be super skilled in it but training and exposure helps for improvement
· Describe the 5 (+ intentionality) recommendations for interpreting nonverbal communication
Over-intensification: Making the situation bigger than it actually is. Over dramatizing your facial expressions as if someone died when really the Caf’s ice cream machine just isn’t working today.
De-intensification: The deemphasizing or downplaying of the facial expression of emotion.
Simulation: Acting as though you are feeling an emotion that you actually aren’t experiencing
Neutralizing: acting as though you are indifferent or emotionless when experiencing an emotion
Masking :replacing one expression of an emotion with another thought to be more appropriate for the situation. Pretending to be nice when you are actually angry.
· Describe the functions of gestures and the difference between speech dependent and speech independent gestures
Speech Independent:
Emblems
non verbal translation or dictionary definition.
EX: a thumbs up
Speech dependent
What to referent (what your referencing)
Indicate relationship + visual punctuation
The gestures cannot stand alone. You have to say the words with it to understand.
· Describe and identify the four types of speech related gestures and examples
Posture
Preference (liking versus disliking)
Orientation (closed or open)
Attention (direct or indirect)
Positivity
Status relationships
Gait
Pride, happiness, anger, and sadness
walked with longer strides
Exhibited more exaggerated foot pounding
Depressed
Decreased stride length
Decreased coordination of arms in movement
Matching
Mimic behaviors of the people they interact with
Chameleon effect
Nonconscious mimicry 🡪 Affiliation, 🡪 Nonconscious mimicry
Motor Mimicry
Mirroring
Meshing
Initiation, termination, speed, or direction
