multiple choice Flashcards
Explain the complexity of nonverbal communication and how it is related to the transactional model of communication
there are messages that are encoded (sent) and decoded (received)
Describe the brain processing and awareness of nonverbal cues
Nonverbal messages may be processed in either brain hemisphere even though most of it is processed on the right side.
Much of what is processed by the right side of the brain is nonverbal phenomena
and much of what is processed by the left side of the brain is verbal phenomena
Understand the classification of nonverbal cues and relative research
The communication environment…
Physical environment- nonhuman factors that could affect/influence communication (e.g. furniture, architecture, colors, temperature, noises/music, etc)
Spatial environment- the study of proxemics and the physical relationship/distance
The communicators’ physical characteristics
Relatively unchangeable physical characteristics of a person during an interaction (e.g. body shape, height, hair, odors, clothes, accessories, etc)
Body movement and position
Dynamic body movement and positioning that can affect communication
Gestures
Posture
Touching behavior
Facial expressions
Eye behavior
Vocal behavior
· Describe how we develop nonverbal skills and the role training can or does play in improving our skills
Development can be found in our everyday experiences which are seen as forms of training. These can be seen in 3 main parts of our lives.
-mothers/parents can judge their children’s non-verbal cues
-Training in keyboards music has produced improvements in the ability to decode the meanings of vocal expressions
-Traveling outside of one’s own country
· Describe what interpersonal sensitivity is and why it is considered tacit knowledge
Interpersonal Sensitivity: perceiving others accurately and engaging in interpersonally appropriate behavior.
Tacit Knowledge: processing behaviors
Interpersonal Sensitivity is considered tacit knowledge because it is presumed that if you know how to accurately perceive those around you and you can engage in their behaviors you are able to in return know how to process their behaviors and understand them.
Identify gender differences in encoding and decoding nonverbal cues
More times than not women score higher than men on testing non-verbal cues. Women also score higher on the tonic test and are known to remember appearance and nonverbal cues than men.
Abilities among females:
Facial expressions
Describe facial primacy and how it relates to nonverbal communication
Facial Primacy: The tendency to give more weight to the face than to other communication channels, may stem in part from these facial stereotypes.
It relates to nonverbal communication because people make personality attributions based on facial expressions
Explain display rules and the 5 different types with examples
Display Rules: Govern the ways people manage and express their emotions and vary according to the individual’s social situation
5 Different Types:
Over Intensification: Exaggerating your emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it more intensely than you are
De Intensification: Downplaying an emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it less intensely than you are
Simulation: Acting as though you are feeling an emotion that you actually aren’t experiencing
Neutralizing: acting as though you are
indifferent or emotionless when experiencing an emotion
Masking: expressing one emotion when you are actually experiencing a completely different one
What is a Duchenne smile and how can you identify it from a fake smile?
A Duchenne smile is the one that reaches your eyes, making the corners wrinkle up with crow’s feet. It’s the smile most of us recognize as the most authentic expression of happiness.
The key difference between this “real” happy smile and a “fake” happy smile lies in the orbicularis oculi – muscles that wrap around the eyes. All smiling involves contraction of the zygomatic major muscles, which lifts the corners of the mouth.
Describe and be able to identify the 6 facial expression styles
The Withholder: This face inhibits expressions of actual feeling states. There is little facial movement.
The Revealer: Opposite of the witholder; wears their emotions and feelings on their face; leaves little doubt how the person feels, continually
The Unwitting Expressor: Limited number of facial expressions that a person thought was masked; these people ask, “How did you know I was angry?”
The Blanked Expressor: The person is convinced an emotion is being portrayed but other see only a blank face
The Substitute Expressor: Shows an emotion other than the one the person thinks is being displayed
The Frozen-Affect Expressor: Part of an emotional display at all times; Some people are born with a down turned mouth associated with sadness and others experience an emotion that traces the emotional display that is permanently etched into the face
Explain emotion work with examples (lecture)
Emotion Work: Displaying/Feeling
Examples: Nurses, Firefighters, Doctors, Veterinarians
Describe Face-ism and some of the research findings on gender and race
Face-ism = ↓ Power
Racial Face-ism
Magazine pictures, American portrait paintings, American stamps
Depictions of a discriminated-against minority have less face depicted than those of a dominant majority (powerpoint)
Less face, more body, in visual displays of Blacks than in those of Whites (Powerpoint)
Portraits and the stamps showed the effect only when created by Whites (powerpoint)
· Describe and identify factors that influence encoding and decoding of nonverbal cues and some research examples
gender differences
age
experiences
