Shokry Material Flashcards
Inhibitory Hormone of the Hypothalamus that Inhibits Growth Hormone
Somatostatin
Luteinizing Hormone or ____ can be used to Induce Ovulation in Cats and Mares
GnRH
*GnRH has the Effect of Luteinizing Hormone on the Body. Mainly Cats and Mare have trouble Inducing Ovulation because LH is too Low
Progestin Approved in Mares for Suppression of Estrus (Contraception) and Synchronization of Estrous Cycle to Maintain Pregnancy
Altrenogest
Drug of Choice to Induce Parturition in the Mare
Oxytocin
Glucocorticoids cause ____ in the Uterus
Contraction
*Mimics the Fetal Glucocorticoids
Estrogen releases a Hormone called _____, Which leads to Dilation of the Cervix during Labor
Relaxin
*Relaxin and Prostaglandins Lead to Cervix Softening and Dilation
Three Prostaglandin Analogs that Increases Uveoscleral Outflow by Stimulating FP receptors in the Eye that is used Topically to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma
Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
*Lowers Intraocular Pressure
Hormone used to Treat Pituitary Dwarfism in Dogs
Somatotropin
*Growth Hormone
______ is given IV for the Treatment of Ruminal Systemic Acidosis
Sodium Bicarbonate
Increasing Levels of ____ will cause Rupture of the Follicle, a Decrease in Estrogen, and a change into Corpus Hemorrhagicum and Eventually into Corpus Luteum
LH
*Luteinizing Hormone- LH surge leading to Rupture of the Follicle
When the Female becomes Pregnant, the Corpus Luteum Phase will produce _____that will stop the Estrus Cycle by Inhibing GnrH, which will in turn Inhibit FSH and the Estrus Cycle until Pregnancy is Over
Progesteron
*Progesteron stops the Estrus Cycle to maintian Pregnancy
Drugs that act as Dopamine Agonists that inhibits Prolactin leading to Luteolysis causing Termination of Pregnancy and Stimulation of Motility of the Female Reproductive Tract
Prolactin Inhibitors
*Corpus Luteum produces Progesterone which Maintains Pregnancy, so without the Corpus Luteum Pregnancy cannot be maintained
Hormone Approved for use in Cattle to Increase Milk Production and Enhance Growth
Somatotropin
*Growth Hormone
Four Drugs used to Prevent Heartworm Disease in Dogs
Ivermectin
Milbemycin Oxime
Moxidectin
Selamectin
*Prevention is the Most common Approach, rather than Treatment
Two Cholinergic Drugs that are used to Stimulate Rumen Motility and Treat Ruminal Atony
Bethanechol- Oral
Neostigmine- Injection SQ
*Parasympathomimetics- Can cause Bradycardia. Many Side effects so these Drugs are not Recommended
____ are used in Adjuctive Therapy in the Treatment of Pyometra
PGF 2 Alpha- Prostaglandin
Both Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone acts on Androgen Receptors, which can lead to____ Enlargment
Prostate
*Dihydrotesterone leads to Prostate Enlargment
Drugs Inhibit the Parasitic Neuronal System by Binding to What Two Channels?
GABA
Glutamate Channels
Drug used To Treat Adult Heartworm Disease in Dogs- Adulticidal Therapy. Used only in Dogs with a Recommened Strict Rest for 3-4 Weeks
Melarsomine
*Given Intramuscularly. Rest is Very Important or else they can Die after Treatment
Serotonin Antagonist that works as a 5-HT3 receptor Antagonist that is used to Prevent and Treat Anticancer Chemotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting
Ondansetron
True/False: Cabergoline is more Effective and has Fewer Side Effects than Bromocriptine
True
*Cabergoline is Better Prolactin Inhibitor
Drugs that Inhibit Converstion of Testosterone into Dihydrotestosterone leading to Shrinkage of the Prostate
5 alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Hormone Given to Stimulate Follicular Growth in Anestrus Animals
FSH
Two Progestin Growth Promoters in Cattle
Progesterone-Estradiol Benzoate- Skin Implant
Melengesterol- Feed Additive
Cholinesterase inhibitor leading to Accumulation of ACH Leading to Depolarization of the Neuromuscular System and Paralysis in Parasites
Dichlorvos
*Acts Indirectly on Nicotonic Receptors
During Estrus and Proestrus ____ Increases along with Estrogen and Progestrone Decreases. During Metestrus and Diestrus, _____ Decreases along with Estrogen as Progestrone Increases
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
*During Metestrus and Diestrus there is High Progesterone Levels- Pregnancy
Prolactin Inhibotors used for Treating Mismating in the Bitch and Queen
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
*Terminates Undesirable Pregnancy
Oxytocin, Estrogen, and PGF 2 Alpha can all be Used to Expel a retained _____
Placenta
*Placenta Hasn’t come out 24 Hours after Parturition
True/False: GnRH agonsits and GnRH antagonists can be given to Decrease the amount of GnRH provided in the Hypothalamas leading to Decreased Testosterone
True
*Negative Feedback Loop- GnRH agonists increase GnRH too much leading to Negative Feedback and ultimately inhibition of GnRH. You can inhibit Androgen by giving a High dose of GnRH or giving a GnRH antagonist
Drug that Inhibits 5 Alpha Reductase that Leads to Shrinkage of the Prostate
Finasteride
*Prevents Convertion of Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone
Estrogen that is Combined with Progesterone or Testosterone for Growth Promotion in Cattle
Estradiol
Adverse Effects of What drugs lead to Ovarian Suppression followed by Follicular Cysts, Vaginal and Uterine Prolapse, Abortion, Feminization in Males, and Pyometra
Estrogens
Serious Adverse Effect of Estrogens in Small Animals
Aplastic Anemia and Leukopenia
*Bone Marrow Suppression
Two Agents that Close the Esophageal Groove
Copper Sulfate Orally
Sodium Bicarbonate Orally (10%)
*Copper Sulfate Given 5% in Cattle and 2% in Sheep
Drugs Inhibit The Neuronal System in the Parasite, by Binding to which Two Ligand Gated Channels leading to Increased Chloride Membrane Conductance and Hyperpolarization resulting in Flaccid Paralysis of the Somatic Muscles and Pharyngeal Pump. Ultimately Death in Nematodes and Arthropods
GABA
Glutamate Channels
*Inhibit the Neuronal System only in Nematodes and Arthropods.
True/False: While GnRH released both FSH and LH, its clinical effects are the same as LH
True
*Clinical uses of GnRH are very similar to LH
Drugs that Destroy the Corpus Luteum Used to Synchronize Estrus Cycles in Cattle and used to Control the time of Estrus in Mares
Prostaglandin F2 alpha
*Destroys the Corpus Luteum leading to Onset of Estrus again
Main Androgen
Testosterone
Hormone used to Treat Benign Prostate Hypertrophy that commonly occurs in Dogs over 5 years Old
Megesterol Acetate
*Castration is also a Treatment
Drugs used to Prevent and Treat Coccidosis Outbreaks
Sulfonamides
*Only Drug Effective Against All days of the Cycle. Example- Sulfadimethoxine. All Sulfonamides start with “Sulfa”
Broad Spectrum Antinematodal Approved in Horses that Acts on Nicotinic Receptors in the Neuromuscular System of the Parasite to Treat Pinworms, Roundworms, and Tapeworms (Anoplocephala Perfoliata)
Pyrantel
*Treats Anoplocephala in Horses
Drug of Choice to Induce Parturition in Sows
PGF 2 Alpha followed by Oxytocin
*or just PGF2 Apha
_____ From the Fetus act on the Mother to Lower Progesterone and cause a Sharp Increase in Estrogen. When Estrogen Increases, that Induces the Beginning of Labor
Glucocorticoids
*Cortisol
True/False: GnRH is used to Treat Follicular Cysts in Cattle and Bitches and Increase Libido in Male Dogs and Cats
True
*Increases Tesosterone- Same as LH
Most Common Adverse Effect of Progestins, that can lead to Septic Shock and Death
Pyometra
*Commonly Fatal
Drug that can be used to Decrease Post-Partum Bleeding after Partuition
Oxytocin
Drug of Choice to Expell the Retained Placenta and Mummified Fetus
PGF 2 Alpha
Drugs used for Mismating and Treatment of Pseudopregnancy in the Bitch and Queen
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
*Prolactin Inhibitors