Boots Material Flashcards
First Generation H1 antagonists Cross the _____, While Second Generation H1 antagonists do not
Blood Brain Barrier
*First Generation may cause Sedation while Second Generation do not cause Sedation
Most Common Therapeutic Reason to Reach for H1 Antagonists
Allergy and Anaphylaxis
*Eg. Allergic Dermatitis
Prokinetic that Acts as a Serotonin Receptor Agonist and has Prokinetic Effects on All parts of the GI tract that is used to Treat Megacolon in Cats
Cisapride
Patients who are ____ are the ones for whom Bacteriostatic vs. Bacteriocidal classification of the Drug is most Important
Immunocompromised
Transferable Drug Resistance that occurs when Bacteria pick up Free DNA lying around that probably only occurs with Gram-Positive Bacteria
Transformation
Histamine Receptor Releated to Gastric Acid Secretion
H2
Opiod used as Antidiarrheal Drug that Acts Faster and Lasts Longer that Does not Cross the Blood Brain Barrier
Loperamide
*Loperamide has Better effects Overall compared to Diphenoxylate. Diphenoxylate crosses the BBB leading to More Side effects
First-Generation H1 Anatgonist that is Very Commonly used in Small Animal Medicine that is Combined with Prednisolone to Treat Allergies
Trimeprazine
Two Prokinetic Drugs that are 5-HT(Serotonin) Receptor Agonists used to Increase GI Motility
Cisapride
Mosapride
Laxatives that Absorb water and Swell, Stimulating Reflexive Peristaltic Movement in the GIT
Simple Bulk Laxatives
H2 Blocker Anti-Ulcer Drug that is More Potent than Cimetidine and has Significantly less Hepatic Enzyme Inhibition, However in Canines it also has some Prokinetic Effect on GI Motiity
Ranitidine
*Anti-Acid that also Improves GI motility
Commonly Used Anti-Ulcer Aluminum Compound that acts Superficially on the GI tract that Binds to Ulcerated Mucosa and provides Physical Protection, Prostaglandins, and Increased mucosal Blood Flow
Sucralfate
There must be an ____ Environment for Sucralfate to be Activated
Acid
*Give Prior to Anti-Acids- drugs that inhibit Gastric Acid
Commonly Used Oral Antacid that neutralizes Hydrochloric acid in the Gastric Lumen as well as inactivating Pepsin and Stimulating Prostiglandins and anti-oxidants
Aluminum Hydroxide
Prokinetic Drug used commonly in Small animals that Acts as a Dopamine Antagonist that Stimulates Gastric Motility, Relaxes the Pyloric Sphincter to improve Gastric Emptying and Increases Lower Esphageal Sphincter Pressure
Metoclopramide
Which Antihistmine is most Likely to Cross the BBB?
Meclizine
*First Generation Antihistamine Used to Treat Vesibular Diseases
____ Spectrum Antibiotics Typically Kill More Bacteria, Typically both Gram Positives and Gram Negatives
Broad
Which of the Following is Considered an Irritant Laxative
Bisacodyl
Bacteria can become Resistant to Antibiotics by use of ____ Enzyme that Inactivates the Drug
B-Lactamase
Most Important Form of Transferable Drug Resistance in which a Donor Bacterium conjugates with a Recipient and passes across DNA, including plasmids, which may contain some Resistance Genes
Conjugation
True/False: In Clinical Infection of MRSA or MRSP, Treatment is not Indicated
False
*Treatment is Indicated in Infection
*MRSA- human Form, MRSP- Canine Form
Antibiotics with Which Mechanism of Action have a Narrow Therapeutic Index and can be Toxic
Disruption of Cell Membranes
First Generation H1 Antagonist used for Appetite Stimulation In Felines
Cyproheptadine
Macrolide Antibiotic that at Low Doses binds with Motilin Receptors in GI Smooth Muscle to Stimulate Increased GI Motility
Erythromycin
Safest Laxatives that act as Lubricant Laxatives and Fecal Softeners
Emollient Laxatives
First-Generation H1 Antagonist primarily used in Horses to Treat Allergy Related Symptoms such as Itchy Eyes, Skin and Runny Nose
Pyrilamine
There are Some drugs that will Stimulate Histamine Release. What is the Main drug?
Morphine
*If Given IV give small amounts and Slowely
Minimal Concentration of Antibiotic needed to Kill and Clear the Bacteria
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
Docusate Sodium, Mineral Oil, and White Petroleum are examples of ___ Laxatives
Emollient
Pysllium and Methylcellulose are examples of ___ Laxatives
Simple Bulk
*Psyllium = Metamucil
Sorbitol, Polyethylene Glycols, and Lactulose are exmples of ____ Cathartics
Osmotic
Anti-Ulcer drug that is an H2 Blocker that has a lower Potency and Short Duration of action that Inhibits Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes thus having Significant Drug-Drug Interactions
Cimetidine
*Potency and Duration of Effect are Poorer with this Drug. Need to Make sure it won’t Interact with other Drugs the Patient is on
H2 Blocker that is a more Potent Inhibitor of Cytochrome p450 that can lead to Numerous Drug-Drug Interactions
Cimetidine
Pancreatic Enzyme Supplement that has Better Efficacy
Viokase
Drug used in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy that can either be given Orally or as a Retention Enema
Lactulose
*More commonly Given Orally
____ Synthesis Inhibiting Antibiotics tend to Antagonize the action of the Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Protein
Which H2 Blocker have some Prokinetic Activity in Addition to their Antacid Effects?
Ranitidine
*Nizatidine also is a Prokinetic but not used Often
Prokinetic H2 Blockers that Inhibit AChE to Increase available Ach that can Stimulate Gastric Motility
Ranitidine
Nizatidine
Anti-Ulcer Drug used Specifically to Treat NSAID Induced Gastric Ulcers
Misoprostol
*Prostaglandin Analog
“Go To” Drug to Inhibit Histamine Release if the Body is beginning to have a Massive Histamine Release
Epinephrine
Cathartics that Irritate the GI Mucosa to Stimulate Peristaltic Activity and Increase Secretions
Irritant Cathartics
*Ex. Bisacodyl
Prokinetic Drug commonly used in Small Animals that acts as a Central and Peripheral Dopamine (D2) Antagonist which will Increase Gastric Emptying and Improving Intestinal Transit Time by Stimulating Gastric Motility
Metoclopramide
H1 Antagonist used to Treat Emergency Anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
First Generation H1 Antagonist that is used as an Anti-Emetic and Anti-Nausea drug mainly used in Travel
Dimenhydrinate
Four H2 Blockers used Primarily to Decrease Acid Secretion in the Stomach
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
_____- Containing Enemas should Not be Used in Cats because it can lead to Severe Toxicity
Phosphate
Two Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements Given Orally that are used in Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Viokase
Pancreazyme
*Raw Chopped Pancreas can also be used
GI Protectant that is cleaved in the Intestine to Bismuth Carbonate and Salicylate that may cause Toxicity in Cats and Also may Turn Patients stool Very Dark
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
*Black Stool- warn Owners
True/False: Loperamide has a Faster Onset, Longer Duration and Greater Efficacy than Diphenoxylate as an Antidiarrheal Drug
True
Which Antibiotics tend to be Rapidly Bactericidal that Do not depend on Bacterial Replication and are commonly used in Combination with other Antibiotics
Antibiotics causing Disruption of Cell Membranes
True/False: Biofilms are resistant to most chemicals and can be very bad news for Treatment and cannot be Prevented at Present
True
*Large aggregates of Bacteria
True/False: Generally if a Dog has MRSA, if the dog is removed from the household and owner for a few weeks they will clear it without Antibiotic treatment
True
*MRSA is the human Form- Staph Aureus
Histamine Receptor that has an Anaphylaxis Response, Leading to Vasodilation of Capillaries, Bronchoconstriction, Hypotension and Edema
H1
Antibiotics with Which Mechanism of Action Lead to the Rupture of Bacterial Cells and Tend to Be very Bactericidal
Disruption of Cell Membranes
Which of the Following Drugs is a Prostaglandin analogue Used Specifically to Treat GI ulcers due to NSAID Toxicity
Misoprostol
*One main time you will use this Drug
Which Prokinetic Drug can also be used as an Anti-emetic because it Blocks Dopamine Receptors in the CRTZ
Metoclopramide
Most commonly Used H2 antagonist Anti-Ulcer drug that has a Higher Potency that will not have to be Dosed as Frequently and Has significantly Less Hepatic Enzyme Inibition than Cimetidine
Famotidine
*Much Fewer Drug-Drug Interactions. “Go To” H2 Blocker
Two Opiods that Decrease Motility in the Gut that can be used as Antidiarrheal Drugs
Diphenoxylate
Loperamide
First Generation H1 Antagonist used to Treat Vestibular Related Nausea
Meclizine
An aggregate of microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced Matrix of Extracellular Polymeric Substance adhere to each other and/or to a Surface
Biofilm
Aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin have Signficant Toxicity concerns (Renal). They are very good at killing gram Negative Aerobes, but have little Activity against Gram Postives and none against anaerobes. How would you classify Aminoglycosides?
Bactericidal, Narrow Spectrum
Cathartics that are Nonabsorbed Particles that Attract Water into the GI lumen and Increase the Fluid Contents that are commonly Used before Endoscopy. These Drugs can lead to Changes in Hydration and Fluid Shifts
Osmotic Cathartics
*Ex. Sorbitol, Polyethylene Glycols
Bisacodyl is a ___ Cathartic
Irritant
Antibiotics with what Mechanism of Action are Selective for Bacteria because Bacterial Ribosomes are different from Mammalian Ribosomes
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Most commonly Used Drug for Motion Sickness in Small Animals that Inibit NK receptors
Maropitant
Prokinetic Drug that Acts on Domapine Receptors in the GIT that has less Penetration into the CNS than Metoclopramide and is more commonly used in Equine Medicine
Domperidone
For Antibiotics that Inhibit ____, these drugs require the Bacteria to be Actively Dividing
Cell Wall Synthesis
Antibiotics with what Mechanism of Action Interferes with Mammalian DNA and are potentially Carcinogenic
Inhibition of DNA Synthesis/Function
Which Prokinetic Drug must be Compounded, but is still commonly used because it can Improve Motility in all parts of the GI tract?
Cisapride
Prostaglandin Analog that is a Less potent Anti-acid than H2 Blockers However has Great Cytoprotective Impact and is Specifically used to Treat NSAID- induced Gastric Ulcers
Misoprostol
*Maintains Epithelial Lining of Stomach and Gastric Blood Flow
Transferable Drug Resistance that occurs when a Bacteriophage takes DNA from one Bacterium and puts in into another
Transduction
With First Generation H1 Antagonists you tend to see some _____
Sedation
The Distinction between Bacteriostatic and Bacteriocidal is only important in ___ Animals
Immunocompromised Animals
