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Pharmacology Exam 2 > Boots Material > Flashcards

Boots Material Flashcards

1
Q

First Generation H1 antagonists Cross the _____, While Second Generation H1 antagonists do not

A

Blood Brain Barrier

*First Generation may cause Sedation while Second Generation do not cause Sedation

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2
Q

Most Common Therapeutic Reason to Reach for H1 Antagonists

A

Allergy and Anaphylaxis

*Eg. Allergic Dermatitis

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2
Q

Prokinetic that Acts as a Serotonin Receptor Agonist and has Prokinetic Effects on All parts of the GI tract that is used to Treat Megacolon in Cats

A

Cisapride

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2
Q

Patients who are ____ are the ones for whom Bacteriostatic vs. Bacteriocidal classification of the Drug is most Important

A

Immunocompromised

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2
Q

Transferable Drug Resistance that occurs when Bacteria pick up Free DNA lying around that probably only occurs with Gram-Positive Bacteria

A

Transformation

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3
Q

Histamine Receptor Releated to Gastric Acid Secretion

A

H2

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4
Q

Opiod used as Antidiarrheal Drug that Acts Faster and Lasts Longer that Does not Cross the Blood Brain Barrier

A

Loperamide

*Loperamide has Better effects Overall compared to Diphenoxylate. Diphenoxylate crosses the BBB leading to More Side effects

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5
Q

First-Generation H1 Anatgonist that is Very Commonly used in Small Animal Medicine that is Combined with Prednisolone to Treat Allergies

A

Trimeprazine

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5
Q

Two Prokinetic Drugs that are 5-HT(Serotonin) Receptor Agonists used to Increase GI Motility

A

Cisapride

Mosapride

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5
Q

Laxatives that Absorb water and Swell, Stimulating Reflexive Peristaltic Movement in the GIT

A

Simple Bulk Laxatives

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6
Q

H2 Blocker Anti-Ulcer Drug that is More Potent than Cimetidine and has Significantly less Hepatic Enzyme Inhibition, However in Canines it also has some Prokinetic Effect on GI Motiity

A

Ranitidine

*Anti-Acid that also Improves GI motility

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7
Q

Commonly Used Anti-Ulcer Aluminum Compound that acts Superficially on the GI tract that Binds to Ulcerated Mucosa and provides Physical Protection, Prostaglandins, and Increased mucosal Blood Flow

A

Sucralfate

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7
Q

There must be an ____ Environment for Sucralfate to be Activated

A

Acid

*Give Prior to Anti-Acids- drugs that inhibit Gastric Acid

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7
Q

Commonly Used Oral Antacid that neutralizes Hydrochloric acid in the Gastric Lumen as well as inactivating Pepsin and Stimulating Prostiglandins and anti-oxidants

A

Aluminum Hydroxide

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7
Q

Prokinetic Drug used commonly in Small animals that Acts as a Dopamine Antagonist that Stimulates Gastric Motility, Relaxes the Pyloric Sphincter to improve Gastric Emptying and Increases Lower Esphageal Sphincter Pressure

A

Metoclopramide

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7
Q

Which Antihistmine is most Likely to Cross the BBB?

A

Meclizine

*First Generation Antihistamine Used to Treat Vesibular Diseases

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7
Q

____ Spectrum Antibiotics Typically Kill More Bacteria, Typically both Gram Positives and Gram Negatives

A

Broad

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7
Q

Which of the Following is Considered an Irritant Laxative

A

Bisacodyl

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7
Q

Bacteria can become Resistant to Antibiotics by use of ____ Enzyme that Inactivates the Drug

A

B-Lactamase

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7
Q

Most Important Form of Transferable Drug Resistance in which a Donor Bacterium conjugates with a Recipient and passes across DNA, including plasmids, which may contain some Resistance Genes

A

Conjugation

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7
Q

True/False: In Clinical Infection of MRSA or MRSP, Treatment is not Indicated

A

False

*Treatment is Indicated in Infection

*MRSA- human Form, MRSP- Canine Form

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8
Q

Antibiotics with Which Mechanism of Action have a Narrow Therapeutic Index and can be Toxic

A

Disruption of Cell Membranes

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9
Q

First Generation H1 Antagonist used for Appetite Stimulation In Felines

A

Cyproheptadine

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9
Q

Macrolide Antibiotic that at Low Doses binds with Motilin Receptors in GI Smooth Muscle to Stimulate Increased GI Motility

A

Erythromycin

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9
Q

Safest Laxatives that act as Lubricant Laxatives and Fecal Softeners

A

Emollient Laxatives

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12
Q

First-Generation H1 Antagonist primarily used in Horses to Treat Allergy Related Symptoms such as Itchy Eyes, Skin and Runny Nose

A

Pyrilamine

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13
Q

There are Some drugs that will Stimulate Histamine Release. What is the Main drug?

A

Morphine

*If Given IV give small amounts and Slowely

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14
Q

Minimal Concentration of Antibiotic needed to Kill and Clear the Bacteria

A

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

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14
Q

Docusate Sodium, Mineral Oil, and White Petroleum are examples of ___ Laxatives

A

Emollient

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14
Q

Pysllium and Methylcellulose are examples of ___ Laxatives

A

Simple Bulk

*Psyllium = Metamucil

14
Q

Sorbitol, Polyethylene Glycols, and Lactulose are exmples of ____ Cathartics

A

Osmotic

15
Q

Anti-Ulcer drug that is an H2 Blocker that has a lower Potency and Short Duration of action that Inhibits Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes thus having Significant Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Cimetidine

*Potency and Duration of Effect are Poorer with this Drug. Need to Make sure it won’t Interact with other Drugs the Patient is on

17
Q

H2 Blocker that is a more Potent Inhibitor of Cytochrome p450 that can lead to Numerous Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Cimetidine

18
Q

Pancreatic Enzyme Supplement that has Better Efficacy

A

Viokase

18
Q

Drug used in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy that can either be given Orally or as a Retention Enema

A

Lactulose

*More commonly Given Orally

19
Q

____ Synthesis Inhibiting Antibiotics tend to Antagonize the action of the Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

A

Protein

21
Q

Which H2 Blocker have some Prokinetic Activity in Addition to their Antacid Effects?

A

Ranitidine

*Nizatidine also is a Prokinetic but not used Often

23
Q

Prokinetic H2 Blockers that Inhibit AChE to Increase available Ach that can Stimulate Gastric Motility

A

Ranitidine

Nizatidine

25
Q

Anti-Ulcer Drug used Specifically to Treat NSAID Induced Gastric Ulcers

A

Misoprostol

*Prostaglandin Analog

26
Q

“Go To” Drug to Inhibit Histamine Release if the Body is beginning to have a Massive Histamine Release

A

Epinephrine

28
Q

Cathartics that Irritate the GI Mucosa to Stimulate Peristaltic Activity and Increase Secretions

A

Irritant Cathartics

*Ex. Bisacodyl

30
Q

Prokinetic Drug commonly used in Small Animals that acts as a Central and Peripheral Dopamine (D2) Antagonist which will Increase Gastric Emptying and Improving Intestinal Transit Time by Stimulating Gastric Motility

A

Metoclopramide

31
Q

H1 Antagonist used to Treat Emergency Anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

First Generation H1 Antagonist that is used as an Anti-Emetic and Anti-Nausea drug mainly used in Travel

A

Dimenhydrinate

34
Q

Four H2 Blockers used Primarily to Decrease Acid Secretion in the Stomach

A

Cimetidine

Ranitidine

Famotidine

Nizatidine

35
Q

_____- Containing Enemas should Not be Used in Cats because it can lead to Severe Toxicity

A

Phosphate

35
Q

Two Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements Given Orally that are used in Enzyme Replacement Therapy

A

Viokase

Pancreazyme

*Raw Chopped Pancreas can also be used

37
Q

GI Protectant that is cleaved in the Intestine to Bismuth Carbonate and Salicylate that may cause Toxicity in Cats and Also may Turn Patients stool Very Dark

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

*Black Stool- warn Owners

38
Q

True/False: Loperamide has a Faster Onset, Longer Duration and Greater Efficacy than Diphenoxylate as an Antidiarrheal Drug

A

True

39
Q

Which Antibiotics tend to be Rapidly Bactericidal that Do not depend on Bacterial Replication and are commonly used in Combination with other Antibiotics

A

Antibiotics causing Disruption of Cell Membranes

39
Q

True/False: Biofilms are resistant to most chemicals and can be very bad news for Treatment and cannot be Prevented at Present

A

True

*Large aggregates of Bacteria

40
Q

True/False: Generally if a Dog has MRSA, if the dog is removed from the household and owner for a few weeks they will clear it without Antibiotic treatment

A

True

*MRSA is the human Form- Staph Aureus

43
Q

Histamine Receptor that has an Anaphylaxis Response, Leading to Vasodilation of Capillaries, Bronchoconstriction, Hypotension and Edema

A

H1

44
Q

Antibiotics with Which Mechanism of Action Lead to the Rupture of Bacterial Cells and Tend to Be very Bactericidal

A

Disruption of Cell Membranes

47
Q

Which of the Following Drugs is a Prostaglandin analogue Used Specifically to Treat GI ulcers due to NSAID Toxicity

A

Misoprostol

*One main time you will use this Drug

51
Q

Which Prokinetic Drug can also be used as an Anti-emetic because it Blocks Dopamine Receptors in the CRTZ

A

Metoclopramide

53
Q

Most commonly Used H2 antagonist Anti-Ulcer drug that has a Higher Potency that will not have to be Dosed as Frequently and Has significantly Less Hepatic Enzyme Inibition than Cimetidine

A

Famotidine

*Much Fewer Drug-Drug Interactions. “Go To” H2 Blocker

55
Q

Two Opiods that Decrease Motility in the Gut that can be used as Antidiarrheal Drugs

A

Diphenoxylate

Loperamide

58
Q

First Generation H1 Antagonist used to Treat Vestibular Related Nausea

A

Meclizine

59
Q

An aggregate of microorganisms in which cells that are frequently embedded within a self-produced Matrix of Extracellular Polymeric Substance adhere to each other and/or to a Surface

A

Biofilm

61
Q

Aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin have Signficant Toxicity concerns (Renal). They are very good at killing gram Negative Aerobes, but have little Activity against Gram Postives and none against anaerobes. How would you classify Aminoglycosides?

A

Bactericidal, Narrow Spectrum

62
Q

Cathartics that are Nonabsorbed Particles that Attract Water into the GI lumen and Increase the Fluid Contents that are commonly Used before Endoscopy. These Drugs can lead to Changes in Hydration and Fluid Shifts

A

Osmotic Cathartics

*Ex. Sorbitol, Polyethylene Glycols

63
Q

Bisacodyl is a ___ Cathartic

A

Irritant

64
Q

Antibiotics with what Mechanism of Action are Selective for Bacteria because Bacterial Ribosomes are different from Mammalian Ribosomes

A

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

65
Q

Most commonly Used Drug for Motion Sickness in Small Animals that Inibit NK receptors

A

Maropitant

66
Q

Prokinetic Drug that Acts on Domapine Receptors in the GIT that has less Penetration into the CNS than Metoclopramide and is more commonly used in Equine Medicine

A

Domperidone

67
Q

For Antibiotics that Inhibit ____, these drugs require the Bacteria to be Actively Dividing

A

Cell Wall Synthesis

68
Q

Antibiotics with what Mechanism of Action Interferes with Mammalian DNA and are potentially Carcinogenic

A

Inhibition of DNA Synthesis/Function

69
Q

Which Prokinetic Drug must be Compounded, but is still commonly used because it can Improve Motility in all parts of the GI tract?

A

Cisapride

70
Q

Prostaglandin Analog that is a Less potent Anti-acid than H2 Blockers However has Great Cytoprotective Impact and is Specifically used to Treat NSAID- induced Gastric Ulcers

A

Misoprostol

*Maintains Epithelial Lining of Stomach and Gastric Blood Flow

71
Q

Transferable Drug Resistance that occurs when a Bacteriophage takes DNA from one Bacterium and puts in into another

A

Transduction

72
Q

With First Generation H1 Antagonists you tend to see some _____

A

Sedation

73
Q

The Distinction between Bacteriostatic and Bacteriocidal is only important in ___ Animals

A

Immunocompromised Animals

Pharmacology Exam 2 (2 decks)

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