Shock Management Flashcards
(“What is shock?”
“Shock is a life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body’s needs.”)
(“What are the main types of shock?”
“Hypovolemic
(“What are the key indicators of shock management?”
“Blood pressure
(“What is the systolic blood pressure goal in shock for a child under 1 month?”
“At least 60 mmHg.”)
(“What is the systolic blood pressure goal in shock for children 1 month to 10 years?”
“70 mmHg + (2 x age in years).”)
(“What is the systolic blood pressure goal in shock for children over 10 years?”
“90 mmHg.”)
(“What is the target urine output in shock management?”
“≥0.5 mL/kg/hr
(“What is the target CVP in shock management?”
“8–12 mmHg.”)
(“What is the target MAP in shock management?”
“≥65 mmHg.”)
(“What is the target cardiac index (CI) in shock management?”
“3.3-6 L/min.”)
(“What is the target central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in shock?”
“>70%.”)
(“What does ABC stand for in shock management?”
“Airway
(“When should early intubation and ventilation be considered in shock?”
“If the patient’s airway is not patent.”)
(“What oxygen therapy is recommended in shock?”
“100% oxygen should be delivered.”)
(“What is the initial fluid resuscitation for unclassified shock?”
“20 mL/kg bolus of normal saline (N/S) or Ringer’s lactate solution.”)
(“What are the two types of hypovolemic shock?”
“Non-hemorrhagic and Hemorrhagic shock.”)
(“What is the fluid resuscitation recommendation for non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock?”
“20 mL/kg
(“What is the first-line vasopressor for fluid-refractory hypovolemic shock?”
“Dopamine at 5-20 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What is the alternative vasopressor for dopamine-resistant fluid-refractory shock?”
“Epinephrine 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What steroid is used in catecholamine-resistant shock?”
“Hydrocortisone 50 mg/kg.”)
(“What hemoglobin level should be targeted for transfusion in hemorrhagic shock?”
“≥10 g/dL.”)
(“What is the recommended packed RBC transfusion bolus in hemorrhagic shock?”
“10 mL/kg boluses.”)
(“What is the recommended FFP dose for correcting coagulopathy in hemorrhagic shock?”
“10 mL/kg.”)
(“What should be ruled out in persistent catecholamine-resistant shock?”
“Pericardial effusion
(“What mechanical support is indicated for refractory shock?”
“Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or a ventricular assist device.”)
(“What is the key principle of hemorrhagic shock management?”
“Achieving hemostasis or ‘source control’.”)
(“What is the normal core temperature that should be maintained in hemorrhagic shock?”
“>35°C.”)
(“What is the primary treatment for septic shock?”
“Fluid resuscitation and infection control with empiric antibiotics.”)
(“What is the first-line vasopressor for fluid-refractory septic shock?”
“Epinephrine 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What is the alternative vasopressor for warm septic shock?”
“Norepinephrine 0.05–1 mcg/kg/min
(“What should be considered in catecholamine-resistant septic shock?”
“Adrenal insufficiency; treat with hydrocortisone 50 mg/m² or 1–2 mg/kg per dose.”)
(“What is the treatment for anaphylactic shock?”
“IM adrenaline 1:1000 at 0.01 mL/kg
(“What additional treatments are given for anaphylactic shock with stridor or wheezing?”
“Nebulized adrenaline and beta-2 agonists.”)
(“What is the primary treatment for neurogenic shock?”
“Fluid resuscitation with 20 mL/kg boluses.”)
(“What vasopressor is recommended for refractory neurogenic shock?”
“Norepinephrine 0.05-0.5 mcg/kg/min or Epinephrine 0.05–0.3 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What is the treatment for persistent bradycardia in neurogenic shock?”
“Atropine 0.2 mg/kg IV.”)
(“What steroid is used in neurogenic shock?”
“Methylprednisolone.”)
(“What are the main causes of cardiogenic shock?”
“Bradyarrhythmia
(“What is the first-line drug for bradyarrhythmia in cardiogenic shock?”
“IV Atropine 0.02 mg/kg
(“What is the recommended epinephrine dose for bradyarrhythmia in cardiogenic shock?”
“IV 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg of 1:10
(“What is the first-line treatment for sinus tachycardia in cardiogenic shock?”
“Treat the underlying cause: fever
(“What drug is used for supraventricular tachycardia in cardiogenic shock?”
“IV Adenosine 0.1 mg/kg.”)
(“What is the loading dose of amiodarone for wide QRS complex tachycardia?”
“5 mg/kg over 20–60 minutes.”)
(“What is the initial fluid trial in cardiogenic shock?”
“Isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus of 5–10 mL/kg over 10–20 minutes.”)
(“What inotrope is used if blood pressure is low in cardiogenic shock?”
“Dopamine 5-20 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What inotrope is used if cardiac output is low and blood pressure is normal or high?”
“Dobutamine 1–10 mcg/kg/min.”)
(“What is the treatment for inotrope-resistant cardiogenic shock?”
“Milrinone 50 mcg/kg over 15 min
(“What is the primary treatment for tension pneumothorax in obstructive shock?”
“Needle decompression followed by chest tube placement.”)
(“What is the primary treatment for cardiac tamponade in obstructive shock?”
“Pericardiocentesis.”)
(“What is the primary treatment for pulmonary embolism in obstructive shock?”
“Thrombectomy or thrombolysis.”)
(“What is the primary treatment for ductal-dependent left ventricular outflow obstruction in obstructive shock?”
“Prostaglandin infusion.”)
