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Cardiac PathoPhys > Shock and Dysrhythmias > Flashcards

Shock and Dysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main types of shock?

A

Cardiogenic Neurogenic (vasogenic) Anaphylactic Septic Hypovolemic

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2
Q

In shock what happens to BP?

A

Decreases

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3
Q

Does cardiac output increase or decrease with shock?

A

Decrease

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4
Q

What are some common symptoms of shock?

A

Dyspnea, diaphoresis, altered sensorium

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5
Q

What are N/V caused by in shock?

A

Constriction of the splanchnic nerves

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6
Q

What are the two main impairments of cellular metabolism associated with shock?

A

Impairment of oxygen use Impairment of glucose use

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7
Q

What are some compensatory mechanisms for decreased glucose?

A

Cells switch to glycogen, protein, fat

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8
Q

What are some causes of hypovolemic shock?

A

Loss of whole blood

Loss of plasma

Loss of interstitial fluid

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9
Q

When does hypovolemic shock begin?

A

When the intravascular volume has decreased by 15%

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10
Q

What is neurogenic shock due to?

A

Massive vasodilation due to imbalance b/w parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle parasympathetic overstimulation of sympathetic under stimulation

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11
Q

What type of shock has the highest mortality rate?

A

Septic

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12
Q

What is a dysrhythmia?

A

An abnormality of heart rhythm including altered rates or sites of impulse initiation and abnormal conduction pathways

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13
Q

What are the three types of dysrhythmia?

A

Abnormal rates of sinus rhythm

Abnormal sites of impulse initiation

Disturbances in conduction pathways

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14
Q

What is the normal conduction pathway?

A

SA Node –> AV node –> Bundle of HIs –> bundle branches (R and L) –> purkinje fibers

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15
Q

What is a triggered activity?

A

Impulse generated during or after repolarizing

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16
Q

What is sinus arrhythmia?

A

Degree of variability in heart rate (normal)

17
Q

What is Sick Sinus syndrome?

A

Altering tachy and brady not normal

18
Q

What is electrical asystole?

A

Sinus arrest- absence of pulse initiation

19
Q

What are two factors in abnormal site of impulse initiation?

A

SA node failure

Enchanced excitability, triggered activity or reentrant circuits

20
Q

What are escape rhythms?

A

Originate in AV node or ventricular Purkinje fibers

Absences of P waves and PR intervals

If P wave is present- may be inverted or during QRS

21
Q

What are atrial dysrhythmias?

A

Premature atrial complexes and tachycardia (PACs)

Originate in atria- not at SA node

22
Q

What is atrial flutter?

A

Type of atrial dysrhythmia

Rapid atrial rate

23
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

Types of atrial dysrhythmia

Completely disorganized and irregular atrial rhythm with irregular ventricular rhythm

24
Q

What is a junctional dysrhythmia?

A

Initiated proximal to AV node or distal to AV node

Impulse to atria and ventricles simultaneously

P waves preceds, follows, or is buried in QRS

25
Q

What is Ventricular Dysrhythmia?

A

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) arise from ventricular myocardium

26
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

Type of ventricular dysrhythmia

3+ ventricular complexes at >100/min (reentry)

27
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

Type of ventricular dysrhythmia

Rapid uncoordinated cardiac rhythm

28
Q

What are the signs of a first degree AV block

A

prolonged PR interval

caused by drugs and heart disorders

29
Q

What are the signs of a second degree Type I AV block?

A

Progressively lengthening PR intervals until one P wave is not conducted

30
Q

What’s the name for a Type I second degree AV block?

A

Wenckeback

31
Q

What is a type II second degree AV block?

A

Presence of non-conducted P waves with consistent PR interval

32
Q

What is a third degree AV block?

A

Pathogenic lesions of AV node, bundle of HIs or bundle branches

No impulses from atria to ventricles

P waves independent of ventricular rhythm

33
Q

What are accessory pathways?

A

Congenital abnormality

Extra conduction tracts- provide alternative pathways for depolarization

34
Q

What is a bundle branch block?

A

Abnormal conduction of impulses through the intraventricular bundle

Gives abnormal ventricular depolorization and wide, bizarre QRS complexes

Cardiac PathoPhys (4 decks)

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