Shock

Question 1

Description of Hypovolaemic Shock

Answer 1

Decreased circulating blood volume

Question 2

Causes of Hypovolaemic Shock

Answer 2

• Haemorrhage
• Severe Vomiting and Diarrhoea
• Third spacing (loss of fluid into body cavities e.g abdomen)

Question 3

Clinical signs and Treatment of Hypovolaemic Shock

Answer 3

Signs

• Tachycardia
• Prolonged CRT
• Pale MM
• Poor Pulse Quality
• Low Blood Pressure

Treatment

• IVFT
• If Haemorrhage present efforts should be made to arrest it.

Question 4

Description of Distributive Shock

Answer 4

Distributive Shock includes Anaphylactic, toxic and Septic Shock

Abnormal distribution of body fluids secondary to body-wide dilation of al blood vessels

Question 5

Causes of Distributive Shock

Answer 5

• Sepsis
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (e.g severe pancreatitis)
• Severe Allergic reaction

Question 6

Clinical signs and Treatment of Distributive Shock

Answer 6

Signs

• Tachycardia
• Poor Pulse quality
• Red MM
• CRT initially rapid, progressing to slow

Treatment
- Rapidly identifying and treating the underlying cause

Question 7

Description of Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 7

Failure of the heart to act as an effective pump

Question 8

Causes of Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 8

• Dilated Cardiomyopathy

- Severe Arrhythmias

Question 9

Clinical signs and treatment of Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 9

Signs
Seen in degenerative conditions of the heart muscle
- heart murmurs
- irregular pulses
- either very fast or very slow heart rates

Treatment
- Depends on the under-lying heart disease

Question 10

Description of Obstructive Shock

Answer 10

Physical obstruction to blood flow within the vascular system

Question 11

Causes of Obstructive Shock

Answer 11

• Pulmonary Thromboembolism

- Pericardial Effusion