Shock

Question 1

define shock

Answer 1

hypoperfusion leading to inadequate substrate delivery, anaerobic metabolism, cellular dysfunction and cell death

Question 2

what is distributive shock

Answer 2

excessive vasodilation with impaired distribution of blood flow

Question 3

what type of shock does sepsis cause

Answer 3

distributive and hypovolaemic shock

Question 4

what is teh cause of obstructive shock

Answer 4

decrease in diastolic filling of the heart leading to a reduction in cardiac output

Question 5

what are the main causes of obstructive shokc

Answer 5

tension pneumo massive PE cardiac tamponade

Question 6

treat tension pneumo

Answer 6

needle decompression
2nd ICS midclavicular line via large grey cannula
arrange for chest drain

Question 7

what are the main causes of hypovolaemic shock

Answer 7

haemorrhage diarrhoea vomitting high output stoma

Question 8

treat hypovolaemic shock

Answer 8

replace blood with blood
IV tranexamic acid
maor haemorrhage protocol

Question 9

what is cardiogenic shock

Answer 9

inadequate blood flow due to dysfunction of the heart

Question 10

treat a regular narrow complex tachy

Answer 10

vagal manouvres

adenosine IV

Question 11

treat irregular narrow complex tachy

Answer 11

beta blocker or diltiazem

if in HF consider digoxin / amiodarone

Question 12

treat a regular borad complex tachy

Answer 12

amiodarone

Question 13

treat an irregular broad complex tachy

Answer 13

AF with BBB – treat as irregular narrow

if preexcited AF – amiodarone