Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology Loyola > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1. Define cardiovascular shock 2. Describe mechanisms that maintain oxygen delivery 3. Describe the major symptoms of cardiovascular shock 4. Describe 4 major forms of cardiovascular shock 5. Name 3 forms of distributive shock and distinguish their characteristics from hypovolemic shock 6. Describe three mechanisms of cardiogenic shock 7. Describe the difference between mechanical cardiogenic shock and obstructive shock 8. Distinguish between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms of hypovolemic

1
Q

Define shock

A

State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to reduced oxygen delivery and/or increased oxygen consumption or inadequate oxygen utilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CO X TPR = ?

A

MAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HR X SV X TPR = ?

A

MAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List some mechanisms that maintain oxygen delivery

A

Baroreceptor reflex, cardiopulmonary receptors, changing TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 stages of shock

A

Pre-shock, shock, end-organ dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of pre-shock

A

compensatory tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of shock?

A

Symptoms of organ dysfunction: tachycardia, dyspnea, restlessness, diaphoresis, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, oliguria, cool and clammy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the first most important symptom of shock?

A

Oliguria (lack of urine production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of end-organ dysfunction?

A

Irreversible organ damage: acute renal failure, acidemia, depressed CO, resistant hypotension, obtundation and coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What phase of shock is death common in?

A

End-organ dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 major forms of cardiovascular shock?

A

Distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe distributive shock

A

blood vessels dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe cardiogenic shock

A

genesis of shock is from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe hypovolemic shock

A

Loss of blood volume (decreases CO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe obstructive shock

A

Obstruction outside of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you categorize pericardial tamponade

A

Obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How would you categorize ventricular failure

A

Cardiogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 3 forms of distributive shock?

A

Septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common form of shock in the ICU?

A

Septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes septic shock?

A

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does sepsis cause vasodilation?

A

it increases iNOS activity, increasing NO production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a secondary vasodilator in sepsis?

A

macrophage releasing prostaglandins, leukotrienes, proteases, and oxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What vital sign is most affected in hypovolemic shock

A

diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why does systolic pressure drop in hypovolemic shock?

A

As a consequence of diastolic pressure dropping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What happens when you vasoconstrict a dehydrated person?
Worsened peripheral blood flow
26
What should you give someone in septic shock before giving them vasoconstrictors?
Fluids to increase blood volume
27
How does neurogenic shock happen?
In instances of severe traumatic brain or spinal cord injury
28
How does neurogenic shock affect tone?
Reduces sympathetic drive to peripheral vessels but maintains tone
29
What will an injury to the hypothalamus do to sympathetic drive?
Reduce sympathetic drive to blood vessels
30
Sympathetic nervous system depends on the integrity of what part of the CNS?
Spinal cord
31
In neurogenic shock, would you expect tachycardia?
No, you would expect bradycardia due to decreased sympathetic tonic input. Parasympathetic input will still be in tact.
32
What level of spinal cord injury results in unstable blood pressure?
T6 or higher.
33
What is the cause of anaphylactic shock?
Severe allergic reaction
34
What are some symptoms associated with anaphylactic shock?
Swelling, hives, itchiness, flushing, vasodilation, mucus generation
35
What is the primary response in anaphylactic shock?
Degranulation
36
What are the primary mediators released in degranulation during anaphylactic shock?
Histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors (ECF, NCF)
37
What effect do secreted cytokines have during anaphylactic shock?
Inflammatory
38
What are secondary mediators involved with anaphylactic shock
leukotrienes (B4, C4, D4) and prostaglandin
39
Define cardiogenic shock
Shock due to intracardiac causes of cardiac pump failure
40
What are the three types of cardiogenic shock?
Cardiomyopathic, arrhythmic, and mechanical
41
Define cardiomyopathic shock
Cardiogenic shock that is not associated with major cardiac risk factors (hx of MI, HTN)
42
An idiopathic dilated heart is an example of what type of shock?
Cardiomyopathic
43
Hypertrophic septum is an example of what form of shock?
Cardiomyopathic
44
Restrictive heart (ventricle failing to relax due to amyloidosis) is an example of which form of shock?
Cardiomyopathic
45
Why do arrhythmias cause shock?
There is virtually no CO because of dys-synchronized contraction
46
What form of shock may ventricular tachycardia cause?
Arrhythmic
47
What form of shock may ventricular fibrillation cause?
Arrhythmic
48
Which type of arrhythmia is unlikely to cause shock on its own?
Bradyarrhythmia
49
Aortic valve insufficiency (valve stiffening) can cause which form of shock?
Mechanical, cardiogenic
50
Severe mitral valve insufficiency can cause which form of shock?
Mechanical, cardiogenic
51
Dissecting aneurysm can cause which form of shock?
Mechanical, cardiogenic
52
Severe ventricular septal defect can cause which form of shock?
Mechanical, cardiogenic
53
Ventricular free wall aneurysm can cause which form of shock?
Mechanical, cardiogenic
54
Define obstructive shock
Outflow from right or left side of the heart is physically obstructed due to extracardiac mechanical alteration
55
What causes pulmonary vascular sources of obstructive shock?
PE or pulmonary HTN
56
Tension pneumothorax can cause what form of shock?
Obstructive
57
Pericardial tamponade can cause what form of shock?
Obstructive
58
Constrictive pericarditis can cause which form of shock?
Obstructive
59
Define hypovolemic shock
Reduced intravascular volume (reduced preload) and thus reduced CO
60
Define hemorrhagic shock
Reduced intravascular volume from blood loss
61
Define non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock
Reduced intravascular volume from fluid loss other than blood
62
What are common sources of non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
GI,, skin, renal third space
63
Diarrhea may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
64
Vomiting may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
65
External drainage may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
66
Common sources of dehydration may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
67
Heat stroke, burns, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
68
Drug-induced osmotic diuresis, salt-wasting, nephropathies, and hypoaldosteronism may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
69
Post-operative, trauma, intestinal obstruction, crush injury, pancreatitis, and cirrhosis may lead to which form of shock?
Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
70
What are the clinical manifestations of Non-hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock
volume depletion, electrolyte abnormalities, low arterial blood pressure, low jugular venous pressure, low urine volume, hematocrit and serum albumin concentration
71
What would be the first step a provider would take in treating anaphylactic shock?
Opening up the airway
72
Why would a patient with anaphylactic shock experience low diastolic pressure?
Vasodilation caused by histamine release during degranulation
73
Why would a patient with anaphylactic shock have low systolic pressure?
Follows the drop in diastolic pressure
74
Would a patient undergoing anaphylactic shock have increased, decreased, or unchanged pulse pressure?
Unchanged (normal)
75
Why would someone with septic shock have scant urine production?
Insufficient blood flow to kidneys due to dilated vessels
76
Would a patient undergoing septic shock have increased, decreased, or unchanged pulse pressure?
increased due to vascular dysfunction
77
What would you expect the vitals of a person with septic shock to look like?
``` PP: large SBP: low DBP: VERY low HR: elevated (compensatory) RR: high due to metabolic acidosis ```
78
What is the first step in treating a patient with cardiogenic shock?
Provide oxygen
79
How would you expect the systolic pressure to be impacted in cardiogenic shock?
Decreased
80
How would you expect the diastolic pressure to be impacted in cardiogenic shock?
Unchanged
81
How would the pulse pressure change in cardiogenic shock
decrease
82
How would the respiratory rate change in cardiogenic shock?
Increase

Pathophysiology Loyola (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions