Shock Flashcards
What is the ‘formula’ for BP?
BP= CO x SVR
What is the ‘formula’ for mean arterial pressure? (MAP)
MAP = (CO x SVR) + CVP
Early signs in shock:
Increased RR, restlessness, anxiety, Irritability
Late signs in shock:
Pallor, tachycardia, slow capillary refill, decreased BP, increased HR, weak peripheral pulses,
What are the four types of shock?
Cardiogenic, Distributive, Obstructive, Hypovolemic
What is Cardiogenic shock?
The heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body.
Cardiogenic shock: Loss of Contractbility Dx
AMI, RV Pump failure, LV Aneurysm, Myocardial contusion, acute myocarditis, toxic global LV dysfunction, dysrhythmias/ heart blocks, end-stage cardiomyopathy
Cardiogenic shock: Mechanical impairment of blood flow Dx
Vavular disease, aortic dissection, PE, Pericardial tamponade, ventricular septal wall rupture
What is hypovolemic Shock?
Fluid (usually blood) overflows into the intravascular space, or Loss of fluids.
Hypovolemic shock: Trauma Dx
Solid organ injury, myocardial laceration/rupture, vascular injury, Fx, laceration, epistaxis, Burn
Hypovolemic Shock: GI Tract
Esophageal varices, ulcer disease, gastritis/esophagitis, Malignancies, Ischemic bowel disease, pancreatitis
What is Obstructive Shock?
Inability of the heart to fill properly, outflow obstruction.
Obstructive Shock Causes:
Tension Pneumo, PE, cardiac tamponade, aortic dissection/aneurysm, vena-caval compression
What is Distributive Shock?
neurogenic shock, anaphylaxis, sepsis
Neurogenic Dx
Spinal cord injury, spinal anesthetic
Anaphylaxis Dx
Drugs: Penicillin, Aspirin,
Foods: shellfish, soy, eggs,
Other: XRay contrast media, insect parts/mold
Sepsis: Dx
Known infection, SIRS Criteria, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Renal, CNS
Three Stages Of Shock:
- Compensated
- Decompensated
- Irreversible (Death)
Compensated Shock :
The body’s compensatory mechanisms are still able to maintain some degree of tissue perfusion.
Decompensated Shock:
The body’s compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain tissue perfusion.
Irreversible Shock:
Tissue and cellular damage is so massive that the organism will die even if perfusion can be restored. The ultimate result is death.
