Shock Flashcards
Cardiogenic shock
Decreased C.O. and evidence of tissue hypoxia even though there is enough blood volume
Some causes of cardiogenic shock
MI
Left heart failure, dysrhythmias, acute valvular dysfunction, ventricular or septal rupture
Cardiogenic shock S/S
Impaired mentation Dyspnea Tachypnea Systemic venous and pulmonary edema Dusky skin color Marked hypotension Oliguria
Hypovolemic shock
Loss of whole blood or interstitial fluid in large amounts
Hypovolemic shock S/S
High SVR Poor skin turgor Thirst Oliguria Low systemic and pulmonary preloads Rapid HR Thready pulse
Neurogenic shock
Widespread and massive vasodilation that results from parasympathetic overstimulation and sympathetic under stimulation.
SVR increases dramatically and there is more space than blood “relative hypovolemia”
Anaphylactic shock
Widespread hypersensitivity reaction
Pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock
Exposure to allergen causes extensive inflammatory response causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, resulting in peripheral edema
Septic shock
Bacteria enters blood –> degranulation of macrophages –> SIRS –> severe sepsis –> septic shock
SIRS S/S
Fever
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Leukocytosis
Compensated shock
Sympathetic nervous system activated
Decompensated shock
Blood flow to vital organs reduces Decreased O2 delivery Cerebral and myocardial ischemia Increased lactic acid Ischemia of tissues
Refractory shock
Profound hypotension, refractory to therapy
Leaky, porous capillaries
Passive dilation of arteries and veins
Decreased venous return and cardiac output
